Abstract：
Passive exposure to the aerosols of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been little studied. We assessed this exposure in late pregnancy in a woman and her 3-year-old child, exposed through e-cigarette use by another household member.
This prospective longitudinal case study involved a family unit consisting of an e-cigarette user, a pregnant woman who delivered an infant during the study, and the couple\'s older 3-year-old son. At 31, 36, and 40 weeks of the pregnancy, we measured biomarkers (nicotine metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, propanediols, glycerol, and metals) in the urine and hair of all three participants and in the saliva of the adults, in cord blood at delivery, and in the breast milk at the postpartum period.
Samples from the e-cigarette user showed quantifiable concentrations of all analytes assessed (maximum urinary cotinine concentration, 4.9 ng/mL). Among samples taken from the mother, nicotine and its metabolites were found mainly in urine and also in saliva and hair, but not in cord blood. During the postpartum period, we found cotinine concentrations of 2.2 ng/mL in the mother\'s urine and 0.22 ng/mL in breast milk; 1,2-propanediol was generally detected in urine and saliva, but not in cord blood or breast milk. The maximum urinary cotinine concentration in the 3-year-old child was 2.6 ng/mL and propanediols also were detected in his urine. Nitrosamines were not detected in samples taken from the mother or the 3-year-old. Metals found in the refill liquid were detected at low levels in both the mother and the 3-year-old.
We detected low but not negligible concentrations of e-cigarette-related analytes (including cord blood and breast milk) in an exposed pregnant non-user and in a 3-year-old child also living in the home. Passive exposure to e-cigarette aerosols cannot be disregarded and should be assessed in larger observational studies.
This prospective longitudinal case study involved a family unit consisting of an e-cigarette user, a pregnant woman who delivered an infant during the study, and the couple\'s older 3-year-old son. At 31, 36, and 40 weeks of the pregnancy, we measured biomarkers (nicotine metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, propanediols, glycerol, and metals) in the urine and hair of all three participants and in the saliva of the adults, in cord blood at delivery, and in the breast milk at the postpartum period.
Samples from the e-cigarette user showed quantifiable concentrations of all analytes assessed (maximum urinary cotinine concentration, 4.9 ng/mL). Among samples taken from the mother, nicotine and its metabolites were found mainly in urine and also in saliva and hair, but not in cord blood. During the postpartum period, we found cotinine concentrations of 2.2 ng/mL in the mother\'s urine and 0.22 ng/mL in breast milk; 1,2-propanediol was generally detected in urine and saliva, but not in cord blood or breast milk. The maximum urinary cotinine concentration in the 3-year-old child was 2.6 ng/mL and propanediols also were detected in his urine. Nitrosamines were not detected in samples taken from the mother or the 3-year-old. Metals found in the refill liquid were detected at low levels in both the mother and the 3-year-old.
We detected low but not negligible concentrations of e-cigarette-related analytes (including cord blood and breast milk) in an exposed pregnant non-user and in a 3-year-old child also living in the home. Passive exposure to e-cigarette aerosols cannot be disregarded and should be assessed in larger observational studies.
摘要：
对电子烟（电子烟）的气溶胶的被动暴露很少研究。我们评估了一名妇女和她3岁的孩子在怀孕后期的这种暴露，通过另一个家庭成员使用电子烟暴露。
这项前瞻性纵向案例研究涉及一个由电子烟使用者组成的家庭单位，一名孕妇在研究期间接生了一名婴儿，和这对夫妇的3岁大的儿子。在怀孕的31、36和40周，我们测量了生物标志物（尼古丁代谢物，烟草特有的亚硝胺，丙二醇,甘油，和金属）在所有三个参与者的尿液和头发以及成年人的唾液中，分娩时的脐带血，在产后的母乳中。
来自电子烟使用者的样品显示出所有被评估分析物的可量化浓度（最大尿可替宁浓度，4.9ng/mL)。在从母亲那里采集的样本中，尼古丁及其代谢物主要存在于尿液中，也存在于唾液和头发中，但不是脐带血.在产后期间，我们发现母亲尿液中的可替宁浓度为2.2ng/mL，母乳中的可替宁浓度为0.22ng/mL；通常在尿液和唾液中检测到1,2-丙二醇，但不是脐带血或母乳。3岁儿童的最大尿可替宁浓度为2.6ng/mL，并且在其尿液中也检测到丙二醇。从母亲或3岁的孩子身上采集的样本中未检测到亚硝胺。在母亲和3岁的孩子中，在补充液体中发现的金属含量都很低。
我们在暴露的怀孕非使用者和居住在家中的3岁儿童中检测到低但不可忽略的电子烟相关分析物（包括脐带血和母乳）浓度。不能忽视被动暴露于电子烟气溶胶，应在更大的观察性研究中进行评估。
这项前瞻性纵向案例研究涉及一个由电子烟使用者组成的家庭单位，一名孕妇在研究期间接生了一名婴儿，和这对夫妇的3岁大的儿子。在怀孕的31、36和40周，我们测量了生物标志物（尼古丁代谢物，烟草特有的亚硝胺，丙二醇,甘油，和金属）在所有三个参与者的尿液和头发以及成年人的唾液中，分娩时的脐带血，在产后的母乳中。
来自电子烟使用者的样品显示出所有被评估分析物的可量化浓度（最大尿可替宁浓度，4.9ng/mL)。在从母亲那里采集的样本中，尼古丁及其代谢物主要存在于尿液中，也存在于唾液和头发中，但不是脐带血.在产后期间，我们发现母亲尿液中的可替宁浓度为2.2ng/mL，母乳中的可替宁浓度为0.22ng/mL；通常在尿液和唾液中检测到1,2-丙二醇，但不是脐带血或母乳。3岁儿童的最大尿可替宁浓度为2.6ng/mL，并且在其尿液中也检测到丙二醇。从母亲或3岁的孩子身上采集的样本中未检测到亚硝胺。在母亲和3岁的孩子中，在补充液体中发现的金属含量都很低。
我们在暴露的怀孕非使用者和居住在家中的3岁儿童中检测到低但不可忽略的电子烟相关分析物（包括脐带血和母乳）浓度。不能忽视被动暴露于电子烟气溶胶，应在更大的观察性研究中进行评估。
