PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The idiopathic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached global proportions; the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a public health emergency during the month of January 30, 2020. The major causes of the rise of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are genetic mutations and recombination. Some of the variants with high infection and transmission rates are termed as variants of concern (VOCs) like currently Omicron variants. Pregnant women, aged people, and immunosuppressed and compromised patients constitute the most susceptible human population to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially to the new evolving VOCs. To effectively manage the pathological condition of infection, the focus should be directed towards prevention and prophylactic approach. In this narrative review, we aimed to analyze the current scenario of COVID-19 management and discuss the treatment and prevention strategies. We also focused on the complications prevalent during the COVID-19 and post-COVID period and to discuss the novel approaches developed for mitigation of the global pandemic. We have also emphasized on the COVID-19 management approaches for the special population including children, pregnant women, aged groups, and immunocompromised patients. We conclude that the advancements in therapeutic and pharmacological domains have provided opportunities to develop and design novel diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. New advanced techniques such as RT-LAMP, RT-qPCR, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, etc., efficiently diagnose patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the case of treatment options, new drugs like paxlovid, combinations of β-lactum drugs and molnupiravir are found to be effective against even the new emerging variants. In addition, vaccination is an essential approach to prevent the infection or to reduce its severity. Vaccines for against COVID-19 from Comirnaty by Pfizer-BioNTech, SpikeVax by Moderna, and Vaxzevria by Oxford-AstraZeneca are approved and used widely. Similarly, numerous vaccines have been developed with different percentages of effectiveness against VOCs. New developments like nanotechnology and AI can be beneficial in providing an efficient and reliable solution for the suppression of SARS-CoV-2. Public health concerns can be efficiently treated by a unified scientific approach, public engagement, and better diagnosis.
摘要：
由严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的特发性冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）大流行已达到全球比例；世界卫生组织（WHO）在2020年1月30日宣布其为公共卫生紧急情况。SARS-CoV-2新变体兴起的主要原因是基因突变和重组。一些具有高感染和传播率的变体被称为关注变体(VOC),如目前的Omicron变体。孕妇,老年人,免疫抑制和受损的患者构成了SARS-CoV-2感染最易感的人群，特别是新的挥发性有机化合物。为了有效管理感染的病理状况，重点应放在预防和预防方法上。在这篇叙述性评论中，我们的目的是分析COVID-19管理的现状，并讨论治疗和预防策略。我们还重点讨论了COVID-19和COVID后时期普遍存在的并发症，并讨论了为缓解全球大流行而开发的新方法。我们还强调了对包括儿童在内的特殊人群的COVID-19管理方法，孕妇,老年群体,和免疫功能低下的患者。我们得出的结论是，治疗和药理学领域的进步为开发和设计新型诊断提供了机会。治疗,和预防策略。新的先进技术，如RT-LAMP，RT-qPCR,高分辨率计算机断层扫描,等。,有效诊断SARS-CoV-2感染患者。在治疗方案的情况下，像Paxlovid这样的新药,发现β-乳果糖药物和莫那普拉韦的组合甚至对新出现的变体也有效。此外,疫苗接种是预防感染或减轻其严重程度的重要方法。辉瑞-BioNTech公司生产的COVID-19疫苗，SpikeVax由Moderna,和Vaxzevria由牛津-阿斯利康批准和广泛使用。同样，已经开发了许多疫苗，其对VOC的有效性百分比不同。纳米技术和人工智能等新发展有助于为抑制SARS-CoV-2提供有效和可靠的解决方案。公共卫生问题可以通过统一的科学方法得到有效治疗，公众参与,更好的诊断
