Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: With increasing awareness of the potential adverse impact of conventional surfactants on the environment and human health, there is mounting interest in the development of bio-based surfactants (which are deemed to be safer, more affordable, are in abundance, are biodegradable, biocompatible and possess scalability, mildness and performance in formulation) in personal care products.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature review around alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and sucrose esters (SEs) as bio-based surfactants, through the lens of the 12 green chemistry principles was conducted. An overview of the use of bio-based surfactants in personal care products was also provided.
RESULTS: Bio-based surfactants are derived primarily from natural sources (i.e. both the head and tail molecular group). One of the more common types of bio-based surfactants are those with carbohydrate head groups, where alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and sucrose esters (SEs) lead this sub-category. As global regulations and user mandate for sustainability and safety increase, evidence to further support these bio-based surfactants as alternatives to their petrochemical counterparts is advantageous. Use of the green chemistry framework is a suitable way to do this. While many of the discussed principles are enforced industrially, others have only yet been applied at a laboratory scale or are not apparent in literature.
CONCLUSIONS: Many of the principles of green chemistry are currently used in the synthesis of APGs and SEs. These and other bio-based surfactants should, therefore, be considered suitable and sustainable alternatives to conventional surfactants. To further encourage the use of these novel surfactants, industry must make an effort to implement and improve the use of the remaining principles at a commercial level.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature review around alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and sucrose esters (SEs) as bio-based surfactants, through the lens of the 12 green chemistry principles was conducted. An overview of the use of bio-based surfactants in personal care products was also provided.
RESULTS: Bio-based surfactants are derived primarily from natural sources (i.e. both the head and tail molecular group). One of the more common types of bio-based surfactants are those with carbohydrate head groups, where alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and sucrose esters (SEs) lead this sub-category. As global regulations and user mandate for sustainability and safety increase, evidence to further support these bio-based surfactants as alternatives to their petrochemical counterparts is advantageous. Use of the green chemistry framework is a suitable way to do this. While many of the discussed principles are enforced industrially, others have only yet been applied at a laboratory scale or are not apparent in literature.
CONCLUSIONS: Many of the principles of green chemistry are currently used in the synthesis of APGs and SEs. These and other bio-based surfactants should, therefore, be considered suitable and sustainable alternatives to conventional surfactants. To further encourage the use of these novel surfactants, industry must make an effort to implement and improve the use of the remaining principles at a commercial level.
摘要：
目的：随着人们越来越意识到常规表面活性剂对环境和人类健康的潜在不利影响，人们对开发生物基表面活性剂(被认为更安全，更实惠,丰富，是可生物降解的，生物相容性和具有可扩展性，在个人护理产品中的温和和配方性能)。
方法：关于烷基多葡糖苷（APG）和蔗糖酯（SE）作为生物基表面活性剂的综合文献综述，通过镜头对12个绿色化学原理进行了研究。还提供了生物基表面活性剂在个人护理产品中的用途的概述。
结果:生物基表面活性剂主要来源于天然来源(即头部和尾部分子基团)。一种更常见的生物基表面活性剂是具有碳水化合物头基的表面活性剂，其中烷基多葡糖苷（APGs）和蔗糖酯（SE）领导这个子类别。随着全球法规和用户对可持续性和安全性的要求不断提高，进一步支持这些生物基表面活性剂作为其石化对应物的替代品的证据是有利的。使用绿色化学框架是做到这一点的合适方法。虽然许多讨论的原则是在工业上执行的，其他仅在实验室规模应用或在文献中不明显。
结论：目前在合成APG和SE中使用了许多绿色化学原理。这些和其他生物基表面活性剂应该，因此,被认为是常规表面活性剂的合适和可持续的替代品。为了进一步鼓励使用这些新型表面活性剂，行业必须努力在商业层面实施和改进其余原则的使用。
方法：关于烷基多葡糖苷（APG）和蔗糖酯（SE）作为生物基表面活性剂的综合文献综述，通过镜头对12个绿色化学原理进行了研究。还提供了生物基表面活性剂在个人护理产品中的用途的概述。
结果:生物基表面活性剂主要来源于天然来源(即头部和尾部分子基团)。一种更常见的生物基表面活性剂是具有碳水化合物头基的表面活性剂，其中烷基多葡糖苷（APGs）和蔗糖酯（SE）领导这个子类别。随着全球法规和用户对可持续性和安全性的要求不断提高，进一步支持这些生物基表面活性剂作为其石化对应物的替代品的证据是有利的。使用绿色化学框架是做到这一点的合适方法。虽然许多讨论的原则是在工业上执行的，其他仅在实验室规模应用或在文献中不明显。
结论：目前在合成APG和SE中使用了许多绿色化学原理。这些和其他生物基表面活性剂应该，因此,被认为是常规表面活性剂的合适和可持续的替代品。为了进一步鼓励使用这些新型表面活性剂，行业必须努力在商业层面实施和改进其余原则的使用。
