PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
With the advancement of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, more detailed information about the human brain at high altitude (HA) has been revealed. The present review aimed to draw a conclusion regarding changes in the human brain in both unacclimatized and acclimatized states in a natural HA environment. Using multiple advanced analysis methods that based on MRI as well as electroencephalography, the modulations of brain gray and white matter morphology and the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying processing of cognitive activity have been explored in certain extent. The visual, motor and insular cortices are brain regions seen to be consistently affected in both HA immigrants and natives. Current findings regarding cortical electrophysiological and blood dynamic signals may be related to cardiovascular and respiratory regulations, and may clarify the mechanisms underlying some behaviors at HA. In general, in the past 10 years, researches on the brain at HA have gone beyond cognitive tests. Due to the sample size is not large enough, the current findings in HA brain are not very reliable, and thus much more researches are needed. Moreover, the histological and genetic bases of brain structures at HA are also needed to be elucidated.
摘要：
随着体内磁共振成像(MRI)技术的进步,有关高海拔地区（HA）人脑的更多详细信息已被揭示。本综述旨在得出关于在自然HA环境中处于未适应和适应状态的人脑变化的结论。使用基于MRI和脑电图的多种高级分析方法，在一定程度上探讨了脑灰质和白质形态的调制以及认知活动加工的电生理机制。视觉,运动和岛状皮层是HA移民和本地人一直受到影响的大脑区域。关于皮质电生理和血液动态信号的当前发现可能与心血管和呼吸调节有关。并可能阐明HA某些行为的潜在机制。总的来说,在过去的10年里,HA对大脑的研究已经超越了认知测试。由于样本量不够大,目前在HA大脑中的发现不是很可靠，因此需要更多的研究。此外，还需要阐明HA时脑结构的组织学和遗传基础。
