Abstract：
A very important cause of the frustration with drug therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the failure of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic molecules from entering the brain while maintaining CNS homeostasis. Scientists are keen to develop new brain drug delivery systems to solve this dilemma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a class of naturally derived nanoscale vesicles, have been extensively studied in drug delivery due to their superior properties. This review will briefly present current brain drug delivery strategies, including invasive and non-invasive techniques that target the brain, and the application of nanocarriers developed for brain drug delivery in recent years, especially EVs. The cellular origin of EVs affects the surface protein, size, yield, luminal composition, and other properties of EVs, which are also crucial in determining whether EVs are useful as drug carriers. Stem cell-derived EVs, which inherit the properties of parental cells and avoid the drawbacks of cell therapy, have always been favored by researchers. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the application of stem cell-derived EVs for drug delivery in the CNS. Various nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs are loaded into EVs with or without modification and undergo targeted delivery to the brain to achieve their therapeutic effects. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers will also be discussed. The directions of future efforts may be to improve drug loading efficiency and precise targeting.
摘要：
中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的药物治疗受挫的一个非常重要的原因是药物递送失败。血脑屏障(BBB)阻止大多数治疗性分子进入脑,同时维持CNS稳态。科学家们热衷于开发新的大脑药物递送系统来解决这一难题。细胞外囊泡（EV），作为一类天然衍生的纳米级囊泡，由于其优异的性能，已在药物递送中进行了广泛的研究。这篇综述将简要介绍当前的脑给药策略，包括针对大脑的侵入性和非侵入性技术，以及近年来开发的用于脑给药的纳米载体的应用，尤其是EVS。电动汽车的细胞起源会影响表面蛋白，尺寸,产量，管腔组成，以及电动汽车的其他特性，这对于确定电动汽车是否可用作药物载体也至关重要。干细胞衍生的电动汽车，它继承了亲代细胞的特性，避免了细胞疗法的缺点，一直受到研究人员的青睐。因此，在这次审查中,我们将重点关注干细胞衍生的电动汽车在中枢神经系统给药中的应用.各种核酸，蛋白质，和小分子药物在有或没有修饰的情况下加载到EV中，并进行靶向递送到大脑以实现其治疗效果。此外,还将讨论电动汽车作为药物载体的临床应用面临的挑战。未来努力的方向可能是提高药物装载效率和精确靶向。
