Abstract：
It has been estimated that microorganisms are involved in the pathogenesis of approximately 20% of all cancers. Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common type of malignancy in young men and arise from the precursor cell, germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). The microbiome of seminal plasma and testicular tissue has not been thoroughly investigated in regard to TGCTs.
To investigate the differences in the seminal plasma microbiome between men with TGCT or GCNIS-only compared with controls.
The study population consisted of patients with GCNIS-only (n = 5), TGCT (n = 18), and controls (n = 25) with different levels of sperm counts in the ejaculate. RNA was isolated from the seminal plasma and sequenced. Reads not mapping to the human genome were aligned against a set of 2784 bacterial/archaeal and 4336 viral genomes using the Kraken pipeline.
We identified reads from 2172 species and most counts were from Alteromonas mediterranea, Falconid herpesvirus 1, and Stigmatella aurantiaca. Six species (Acaryochloris marina, Halovirus HGTV-1, Thermaerobacter marianensis, Thioalkalivibrio sp. K90mix, Burkholderia sp. YI23, and Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus) were found in significantly (q-value < 0.05) higher levels in the seminal plasma of TGCT and GCNIS-only patients compared with controls. In contrast, Streptomyces phage VWB was found at significantly higher levels among controls compared with TGCT and GCNIS-only patients combined.
Often the microbiome is analysed by shotgun or 16S ribosomal sequencing whereas our present data build on small RNA sequencing. This allowed us to identify more viruses and phages compared with previous studies but also makes the results difficult to directly compare.
Our study is the first to report identification of the microbiome species in seminal plasma of men with TGCT and GCNIS-only, which potentially could be involved in the pathogenesis of TGCTs. Further studies are, however, needed to confirm our findings.
To investigate the differences in the seminal plasma microbiome between men with TGCT or GCNIS-only compared with controls.
The study population consisted of patients with GCNIS-only (n = 5), TGCT (n = 18), and controls (n = 25) with different levels of sperm counts in the ejaculate. RNA was isolated from the seminal plasma and sequenced. Reads not mapping to the human genome were aligned against a set of 2784 bacterial/archaeal and 4336 viral genomes using the Kraken pipeline.
We identified reads from 2172 species and most counts were from Alteromonas mediterranea, Falconid herpesvirus 1, and Stigmatella aurantiaca. Six species (Acaryochloris marina, Halovirus HGTV-1, Thermaerobacter marianensis, Thioalkalivibrio sp. K90mix, Burkholderia sp. YI23, and Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus) were found in significantly (q-value < 0.05) higher levels in the seminal plasma of TGCT and GCNIS-only patients compared with controls. In contrast, Streptomyces phage VWB was found at significantly higher levels among controls compared with TGCT and GCNIS-only patients combined.
Often the microbiome is analysed by shotgun or 16S ribosomal sequencing whereas our present data build on small RNA sequencing. This allowed us to identify more viruses and phages compared with previous studies but also makes the results difficult to directly compare.
Our study is the first to report identification of the microbiome species in seminal plasma of men with TGCT and GCNIS-only, which potentially could be involved in the pathogenesis of TGCTs. Further studies are, however, needed to confirm our findings.
摘要：
背景：据估计，微生物参与了所有癌症中约20％的发病机理。睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）是年轻男性最常见的恶性肿瘤类型，起源于前体细胞，生殖细胞原位瘤(GCNIS)。关于TGCT，尚未对精浆和睾丸组织的微生物组进行彻底研究。
目的：研究仅使用TGCT或GCNIS的男性与对照组之间精浆微生物组的差异。
方法：研究人群包括仅GCNIS患者（n=5），TGCT（n=18），和对照组（n=25），射精中精子数量不同。从精浆中分离RNA并测序。使用Kraken管道将未映射到人类基因组的读数与一组2784个细菌/古细菌和4336个病毒基因组进行比对。
结果：我们确定了2172个物种的读数，大多数计数来自mediterraneaAlteromas，Falconid疱疹病毒1和耳麦。6种（赤霉藻，卤病毒HGTV-1，海洋热杆菌，硫代碱弧菌。K90mix,Burkholderiasp.与对照组相比，仅TGCT和GCNIS患者的精浆中YI23和碱性脱硫弧菌）的水平显着提高（q值<0.05）。相比之下,链霉菌噬菌体VWB，与仅TGCT和GCNIS患者的组合相比，对照组中的水平明显更高。
结论：通常通过鸟枪或16S核糖体测序分析微生物组，而我们目前的数据建立在小RNA测序上。与以前的研究相比，这使我们能够识别更多的病毒和噬菌体，但也使结果难以直接比较。
结论：我们的研究首次报道了仅患有TGCT和GCNIS的男性精浆中微生物组的鉴定，这可能与TGCT的发病机制有关。进一步的研究是，然而,需要确认我们的发现。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
目的：研究仅使用TGCT或GCNIS的男性与对照组之间精浆微生物组的差异。
方法：研究人群包括仅GCNIS患者（n=5），TGCT（n=18），和对照组（n=25），射精中精子数量不同。从精浆中分离RNA并测序。使用Kraken管道将未映射到人类基因组的读数与一组2784个细菌/古细菌和4336个病毒基因组进行比对。
结果：我们确定了2172个物种的读数，大多数计数来自mediterraneaAlteromas，Falconid疱疹病毒1和耳麦。6种（赤霉藻，卤病毒HGTV-1，海洋热杆菌，硫代碱弧菌。K90mix,Burkholderiasp.与对照组相比，仅TGCT和GCNIS患者的精浆中YI23和碱性脱硫弧菌）的水平显着提高（q值<0.05）。相比之下,链霉菌噬菌体VWB，与仅TGCT和GCNIS患者的组合相比，对照组中的水平明显更高。
结论：通常通过鸟枪或16S核糖体测序分析微生物组，而我们目前的数据建立在小RNA测序上。与以前的研究相比，这使我们能够识别更多的病毒和噬菌体，但也使结果难以直接比较。
结论：我们的研究首次报道了仅患有TGCT和GCNIS的男性精浆中微生物组的鉴定，这可能与TGCT的发病机制有关。进一步的研究是，然而,需要确认我们的发现。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
