Abstract：
A new species of the yeast genus Blastobotrys was discovered during a worldwide survey of culturable xerophilic fungi in house dust. Several culture-dependent and independent studies from around the world detected the same species from a wide range of substrates including indoor air, cave wall paintings, bats, mummies, and the iconic self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci from ca 1512. However, none of these studies identified their strains, clones, or OTUs as Blastobotrys. We introduce the new species as Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS H-24879) and delineate it from other species using morphological, phylogenetic, and physiological characters. The new species of asexually (anamorphic) budding yeast is classified in Trichomonascaceae and forms a clade along with its associated sexual state genus Trichomonascus. Despite the decade-old requirement to use a single generic name for fungi, both names are still used. Selection of the preferred name awaits a formal nomenclatural proposal. We present arguments for adopting Blastobotrys over Trichomonascus and introduce four new combinations as Blastobotrys allociferrii (≡ Candida allociferrii), B. fungorum (≡ Sporothrix fungorum), B. mucifer (≡ Candida mucifera), and Blastobotrys vanleenenianus (≡ Trichomonascus vanleenenianus). We provide a nomenclatural review and an accepted species list for the 37 accepted species in the Blastobotrys/Trichomonascus clade. Finally, we discuss the identity of the DNA clones detected on the da Vinci portrait, and the importance of using appropriate media to isolate xerophilic or halophilic fungi.
摘要：
在对室内灰尘中可培养的嗜酸性真菌进行的全球调查中，发现了酵母属Blastobotrys的新物种。来自世界各地的几项依赖于培养和独立的研究从包括室内空气在内的各种基质中检测到相同的物种。洞穴壁画,蝙蝠,木乃伊,以及1512年莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的标志性自画像。然而,这些研究都没有发现它们的菌株，克隆人,或OTU作为Blastobotrys。我们介绍新物种Blastobotrysdavinciif.a.，sp.11月。(整型CBSH-24879)，并使用形态学将其与其他物种区分开来，系统发育，和生理特征。无性（变形）出芽酵母的新物种被归类为滴虫科，并与其相关的性状态滴虫属形成进化枝。尽管对真菌使用单一通用名称已有十年的要求，这两个名字仍然使用。首选名称的选择等待正式的命名建议。我们提出了在毛曲上采用Blastobotrys的论点，并引入了四种新组合作为Blastobotrysallociferrii（=Candidaallociferrii），B.fungorum（=孢子丝菌fungorum），B.粘液菌（76%念珠菌），和Blastobotrysvanleenenianus（=Trichomonascusvanleenianus）。我们提供了Blastobotrys/Trichomonascus进化枝中37种公认物种的命名综述和公认物种清单。最后,我们讨论了在达芬奇肖像上检测到的DNA克隆的身份，以及使用适当的培养基分离嗜热或嗜盐真菌的重要性。
