Abstract：
While altruism has been studied in healthcare professions such as nursing and medicine, the exploration of the characteristics of altruism, as related to paramedicine and emergency care in Australia, is limited. This scoping review explores altruism in paramedicine from the perspective of the paramedic as practitioner, learner, and educator as seen through the lens of the paramedic and the patient. Also discussed is the positive impact of altruism on the patient experience of care. A scoping review was used to assess the availability of data related to altruism in paramedicine. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used to guide the process. Search categories were orientated around the subject (altruism) and discipline (paramedicine). A total of 27 articles are included in this scoping review. Initial searching identified 742 articles; after duplicate removal, 396 articles were screened with 346 excluded. Fifty articles were full-text reviewed and 23 excluded. The final 27 were extracted following full-text screening. None of the articles are specific to altruism in paramedicine. The data related to the practice of altruism in paramedicine are extremely limited. The preponderance of data arise from Europe and North America which, due to crewing and service differences, may impact the practice of altruism in different regions. Recent changes to the scope of paramedic practice, workload, education, and case acuity may influence behaviour regarding altruism, compassion, caring, and associated caring behaviours. The practice and education of paramedics including altruism, compassion, caring and caring behaviours in the Australasian setting warrants further research.
摘要：
虽然利他主义已经在护理和医学等医疗保健行业进行了研究，探索利他主义的特点，与澳大利亚的辅助医疗和紧急护理有关，是有限的。这篇范围界定综述从护理人员作为从业者的角度探讨了护理人员中的利他主义，学习者,通过护理人员和病人的镜头看到的教育者。还讨论了利他主义对患者护理体验的积极影响。范围审查用于评估与辅助医学中利他主义相关的数据的可用性。使用系统审查的首选报告项目和范围审查的荟萃分析扩展来指导该过程。搜索类别围绕主题（利他主义）和学科（辅助医学）定位。本范围审查共包括27篇文章。初始搜索确定了742篇文章；重复删除后，筛选了396篇文章，排除了346篇。全文审查了50篇文章，排除了23篇文章。最后的27个是在全文筛选后提取的。没有一篇文章是专门针对辅助医学中的利他主义的。与辅助医学中的利他主义实践有关的数据极为有限。数据的优势来自欧洲和北美，由于船员和服务的差异，可能会影响不同地区的利他主义实践。最近护理人员执业范围的变化，工作量,教育,案件敏锐度可能会影响利他主义的行为，同情,关怀,和相关的关怀行为。护理人员的实践和教育，包括利他主义，同情,澳大利亚环境中的关怀和关怀行为值得进一步研究。
