Abstract：
Electronic nose devices (EN) have been developed for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study aimed to assess the ability of the MENT-EGAS prototype-based EN to respond to direct sampling and to evaluate the influence of possible error sources that might affect the quality of VOC signatures. This study was performed on a dairy farm using 11 (n = 11) multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows. The cows were divided into two groups housed in two different barns: group I included six lactating cows fed with a lactating diet (LD), and group II included 5 non-lactating late pregnant cows fed with a far-off diet (FD). Each group was offered 250 g of their respective diet; 10 min later, exhalated breath was collected for VOC determination. After this sampling, 4 cows from each group were offered 250 g of pellet concentrates. Ten minutes later, the exhalated breath was collected once more. VOCs were also measured directly from the feed\'s headspace, as well as from the environmental backgrounds of each. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed and revealed clear discrimination between the two different environmental backgrounds, the two different feed headspaces, the exhalated breath of groups I and II cows, and the exhalated breath within the same group of cows before and after the feed intake. Based on these findings, we concluded that the MENT-EGAS prototype can recognize several error sources with accuracy, providing a novel EN technology that could be used in the future in precision livestock farming.
摘要：
已经开发了用于检测挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的电子鼻装置(EN)。本研究旨在评估基于MENT-EGAS原型的EN对直接采样的响应能力，并评估可能影响VOC特征质量的可能误差源的影响。这项研究是在使用11只（n=11）多胎荷斯坦-弗里斯奶牛的奶牛场上进行的。将母牛分为两组，分别放在两个不同的谷仓中：第一组包括六头泌乳母牛，饲喂泌乳饮食（LD），第II组包括5头非哺乳期晚期妊娠母牛，饲喂远距离饮食（FD）。每组提供250克各自的饮食；10分钟后，收集呼出气进行VOC测定.在这个采样之后,向每组4头奶牛提供250g的颗粒浓缩物。十分钟后,再次收集呼气。挥发性有机化合物也直接从饲料的顶部空间测量，以及每个人的环境背景。进行了主成分分析(PCA)，揭示了两种不同环境背景之间的明显区别，两个不同的进料顶部空间，I组和II组牛的呼气，以及同一组奶牛在采食前后的呼气。基于这些发现,我们得出的结论是，MENT-EGAS原型可以准确识别几个误差源，提供了一种新颖的EN技术，可用于未来的精准畜牧业。
