PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
For two decades, sleep has been touted as one of the primary drivers for the encoding, consolidation, retention, and retrieval of episodic emotional memory. Recently, however, sleep\'s role in emotional memory processing has received renewed scrutiny as meta-analyses and reviews have indicated that sleep may only contribute a small effect that hinges on the content or context of the learning and retrieval episodes. On the one hand, the strong perception of sleep\'s importance in maintaining memory for emotional events may have been exacerbated by publication bias phenomena, such as the \"winner\'s curse\" and \"file drawer problem.\" On the other hand, it is plausible that there are sets of circumstances that lead to consistent and reliable effects of sleep on emotional memory; these circumstances may depend on factors such as the placement and quality of sleep relative to the emotional experience, the content and context of the emotional experience, and the probes and strategies used to assess memory at retrieval. Here, we review the literature on how sleep (and sleep loss) influences each stage of emotional episodic memory. Specifically, we have separated previous work based on the placement of sleep and sleep loss in relation to the different stages of emotional memory processing: (1) prior to encoding, (2) immediately following encoding during early consolidation, (3) during extended consolidation, separated from initial learning, (4) just prior to retrieval, and (5) post-retrieval as memories may be restructured and reconsolidated. The goals of this review are three-fold: (1) examine phases of emotional memory that sleep may influence to a greater or lesser degree, (2) explicitly identify problematic overlaps in traditional sleep-wake study designs that are preventing the ability to better disentangle the potential role of sleep in the different stages of emotional memory processing, and (3) highlight areas for future research by identifying the stages of emotional memory processing in which the effect of sleep and sleep loss remains under-investigated. Here, we begin the task of better understanding the contexts and factors that influence the relationship between sleep and emotional memory processing and aim to be a valuable resource to facilitate hypothesis generation and promote important future research.
摘要：
二十年来,睡眠被吹捧为编码的主要驱动因素之一，合并，保留,和检索情节情感记忆。最近,然而,睡眠在情绪记忆处理中的作用受到了新的审查，因为荟萃分析和评论表明，睡眠可能只会产生很小的影响，这取决于学习和检索事件的内容或背景。一方面,对睡眠的强烈感知在保持记忆情绪事件中的重要性可能因出版偏见现象而加剧，如\"赢家\的诅咒\"和\"文件抽屉的问题。“另一方面,这似乎是合理的，有一系列的情况下，导致一致和可靠的影响的睡眠对情绪记忆;这些情况可能取决于因素，如位置和睡眠质量相对于情绪体验，情感体验的内容和背景，以及用于评估检索时记忆的探针和策略。这里,我们回顾了有关睡眠（和睡眠不足）如何影响情绪情景记忆的每个阶段的文献。具体来说,我们已经根据睡眠和睡眠损失的位置将先前的工作与情绪记忆处理的不同阶段分开:(1)在编码之前,(2)在早期合并期间编码后立即进行，(3)在扩展合并期间，与最初的学习分开，(4)在检索之前，和(5)后检索，因为记忆可以被重组和重新合并。本综述的目标有三个方面：（1）检查睡眠可能或多或少影响的情绪记忆阶段，（2）明确地确定传统的睡眠-唤醒研究设计中存在问题的重叠，这些重叠阻止了在情绪记忆处理的不同阶段更好地解开睡眠的潜在作用的能力，（3）通过确定睡眠和睡眠损失的影响仍未得到充分研究的情绪记忆处理阶段，突出了未来研究的领域。这里,我们开始的任务是更好地理解影响睡眠和情绪记忆处理之间关系的背景和因素，并旨在成为促进假设生成和促进重要未来研究的宝贵资源。
