Abstract：
In 2019, the estimated prevalence of food insecurity for Black non-Hispanic households was higher than the national average due to health disparities exacerbated by forms of racial discrimination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Black households have experienced higher rates of food insecurity when compared to other populations in the United States. The primary objectives of this review were to identify which risk factors have been investigated for an association with food insecurity, describe how food insecurity is measured across studies that have evaluated this outcome among African Americans, and determine which dimensions of food security (food accessibility, availability, and utilization) are captured by risk factors studied by authors. Food insecurity related studies were identified through a search of Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and Web of Science™ (Clarivate), on May 20, 2021. Eligible studies were primary research studies, with a concurrent comparison group, published in English between 1995 and 2021. Ninety-eight relevant studies were included for data charting with 37 unique measurement tools, 115 risk factors, and 93 possible consequences of food insecurity identified. Few studies examined factors linked to racial discrimination, behaviour, or risk factors that mapped to the food availability dimension of food security. Infrequently studied factors, such as lifetime racial discrimination, socioeconomic status (SES), and income insecurity need further investigation while frequently studied factors such as age, education, race/ethnicity, and gender need to be summarized using a systematic review approach so that risk factor impact can be better assessed. Risk factors linked to racial discrimination and food insecurity need to be better understood in order to minimize health disparities among African American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
摘要：
2019年，由于种族歧视形式加剧了健康差距，非西班牙裔黑人家庭的估计粮食不安全患病率高于全国平均水平。在COVID-19大流行期间，与美国其他人口相比，黑人家庭的粮食不安全发生率更高。这项审查的主要目的是确定哪些风险因素已被调查与粮食不安全的关系，描述如何在评估非裔美国人这一结果的研究中衡量粮食不安全，并确定粮食安全的哪些维度(粮食可及性，可用性,和利用率)由作者研究的风险因素捕获。通过搜索谷歌学者，确定了与粮食不安全相关的研究，PubMed,CINAHLPlus,MEDLINE®,PsycINFO,健康来源：护理学/学术版，和WebofScience™(Clarivate)，2021年5月20日。符合条件的研究是初级研究，与并发比较组，1995年至2021年期间以英文出版。使用37种独特的测量工具，纳入了98项相关研究的数据图表，115个危险因素，93确定了粮食不安全的可能后果。很少有研究研究与种族歧视有关的因素，行为,或映射到粮食安全的粮食供应维度的风险因素。不经常研究的因素，比如终身种族歧视，社会经济地位(SES)，和收入不安全需要进一步调查，而经常研究的因素，如年龄，教育,种族/民族,和性别需要使用系统审查方法进行总结，以便更好地评估风险因素的影响。需要更好地了解与种族歧视和粮食不安全有关的风险因素，以最大程度地减少COVID-19大流行期间及以后的非裔美国成年人之间的健康差异。
