Abstract：
The increasing rate of manufacturers and consequently the production of the products gave rise to an increase in used products. The growth in old goods, as well as their negative environmental and social consequences, prompted supply chain operators to focus more on reverse logistics for collecting and reusing these items. However, there are a few key issues that should be handled in this manner, covering how to implement an effective collecting plan. What categories of used items should be collected? And how should they be handled for the aim of reusing them? To address these questions, the pricing issues are investigated in a CLSC with a manufacturer and two retailers. As an effective collection strategy, the first retailer, along with selling new products, benefits from the product exchange program (PEP). In this program, the retailer, by offering two types of discounts on a new product\'s price, is able to collect two types of products, including those without and with useful lifetime left as the first- and second-category products, respectively. In terms of used products management, the first-category products are sent to the manufacturer for recycling, and the second-category ones are sold as second-hand products by the first retailer. Besides, the first retailer exercises a full refund return policy, where the returned defective products, after being remanufactured by the manufacturer, are sold to customers by the second retailer in the secondary market. With respect to buy back price of first-category products from the first retailer, two scenarios are considered: 1) the manufacturer pays as much as the difference between the original retail price and discounted retail price in order to encourage the retailer to offer exercise the PEP for returned used items, or 2) by considering the discount on wholesale price, the manufacturer pays as much as the difference between the original wholesale price and discounted wholesale price. In this study, a real-world case study is considered based on an Iranian automotive industry to understand the issue better and obtain practical results. The findings show that the second scenario is more profitable due to lower selling prices and greater demand rates. It is proved that the PEP along with providing environmental benefits can improve supply chain financial profit even for the first or the second-category products.
摘要：
制造商的增加速度以及因此产品的生产导致了使用过的产品的增加。旧商品的增长，以及它们的负面环境和社会后果，促使供应链运营商更多地关注逆向物流，以收集和重复使用这些物品。然而,有几个关键问题应该这样处理，涵盖如何实施有效的收集计划。应收集哪些类别的二手物品？为了重复使用它们，应如何处理？为了解决这些问题，定价问题在CLSC与一家制造商和两家零售商进行调查。作为一种有效的收集策略，第一家零售商,随着新产品的销售，从产品交换计划(PEP)中受益。在这个节目中,零售商，通过为新产品的价格提供两种类型的折扣，能够收集两种类型的产品，包括那些没有和具有有用寿命的第一类和第二类产品，分别。在二手产品管理方面，第一类产品被送到制造商回收，第二类是由第一零售商作为二手产品出售。此外,第一家零售商实行全额退款退货政策，退回的有缺陷的产品，在由制造商重新制造后，由二级市场的第二家零售商出售给客户。关于从第一零售商处回购第一类产品的价格，考虑了两种情况：1）制造商支付原始零售价格和折扣零售价格之间的差额，以鼓励零售商为退回的二手商品提供PEP，或2)通过考虑批发价格的折扣，制造商支付原始批发价和折扣批发价之间的差额。在这项研究中,一个现实世界的案例研究被认为是基于伊朗汽车行业更好地理解这个问题，并获得实际结果。研究结果表明，由于销售价格降低和需求率提高，第二种情况的利润更高。事实证明，即使对于第一或第二类产品，PEP以及提供环境效益也可以提高供应链财务利润。
