Abstract：
The molecular ecology of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and their methicillin-resistant strains in healthy dogs and cats could serve as good models to understand the concept of bacterial zoonosis due to animal companionship. This study aims to provide insights into pooled prevalence, genetic lineages, virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among healthy dogs and cats. Original research and brief communication articles published from 2001 to 2021 that reported the nasal detection of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in healthy dogs and cats in the community, homes and outside veterinary clinics were examined and analysed. Forty-nine studies were eligible and included in this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus/methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthy dogs and cats were 10.9% (95% CI: 10.1-11.9)/2.8% (95% CI: 2.4-3.2) and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9-4.8)/0.5% (95% CI: 0.0-1.1), respectively. Conversely, the pooled prevalence of S. pseudintermedius/methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in healthy dogs and cats were 18.3% (95% CI: 17.1-19.7)/3.1% (95% CI: 2.5-3.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6-2.4)/1.2% (95% CI: 0.6-2.3), respectively. Although highly diverse genetic lineages of S. aureus were detected in healthy dogs and cats, MSSA-CC1/CC5/CC22/CC45/CC121/CC398 and MRSA-CC5/CC93/CC22/CC30 were mostly reported in dogs; and MSSA-CC5/CC8/CC15/CC48 and MRSA-CC22/CC30/CC80 in cats. Of note, MSSA-CC398 isolates (spa-types t034 and t5883) were detected in dogs. Genetic lineages often associated with MSSP/MRSP were ST20/ST71, highlighting the frequent detection of the epidemic European MRSP-ST71 clone in dogs. S. aureus isolates carrying the luk-S/F-PV, tst, eta, etb and etd genes were seldomly detected in dogs, and luk-S/F-PV was the unique virulence factor reported in isolates of cats. S. pseudintermedius isolates harbouring the luk-S/F-I, seint and expA genes were frequently found, especially in dogs. High and diverse rates of AMR were noted, especially among MRSA/MRSP isolates. There is a need for additional studies on the molecular characterization of isolates from countries with under-studied nasal staphylococci isolates.
摘要：
金黄色葡萄球菌的分子生态学,假中间葡萄球菌及其在健康狗和猫中的耐甲氧西林菌株可以作为很好的模型来理解由于动物陪伴而引起的细菌人畜共患病的概念。这项研究旨在提供对合并患病率的见解，遗传谱系，健康狗和猫的毒力和抗菌素耐药性(AMR)。2001年至2021年发表的原创研究和简短的交流文章报道了社区中健康狗和猫的金黄色葡萄球菌和假中间杆菌的鼻腔检测，对家庭和外部兽医诊所进行了检查和分析。49项研究符合资格，并纳入本系统评价。健康狗和猫的金黄色葡萄球菌/耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的合并鼻携带率为10.9％（95％CI：10.1-11.9）/2.8％（95％CI：2.4-3.2）和3.2％（95％CI：1.9-4.8）/0.5％（95％CI：0.0-1.1），分别。相反，在健康的狗和猫中，假中介链球菌/耐甲氧西林假中介链球菌（MRSP）的合并患病率分别为18.3％（95％CI：17.1-19.7）/3.1％（95％CI：2.5-3.7）和1.3％（95％CI：0.6-2.4）/1.2％（95％CI：0.6-2.3），分别。尽管在健康的狗和猫中检测到金黄色葡萄球菌的高度多样化的遗传谱系，MSSA-CC1/CC5/CC22/CC45/CC121/CC398和MRSA-CC5/CC93/CC22/CC30主要在狗中报告;并且MSSA-CC5/CC8/CC15/CC48和MRSA-CC22/CC30/CC80在猫中报告。值得注意的是，在狗中检测到MSSA-CC398分离株(spa型t034和t5883)。通常与MSSP/MRSP相关的遗传谱系是ST20/ST71，突出了在狗中频繁检测到流行的欧洲MRSP-ST71克隆。携带luk-S/F-PV的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株，tst,eta,在狗中很少检测到ETB和ETD基因，luk-S/F-PV是猫分离株中报告的独特毒力因子。美国假中介分离株窝藏luk-S/F-I，seint和expA基因经常被发现，尤其是狗。注意到AMR的高且多样化，尤其是在MRSA/MRSP分离物中。需要对来自鼻葡萄球菌分离株研究不足的国家的分离株的分子特征进行其他研究。
