Abstract：
BACKGROUND: About 7 million people die from various types of cancer every year representing nearly 12.5% of deaths worldwide. This fact raises the demand to develop new, effective anticancer, onco-suppressive, and chemoprotective agents for the future fighting of cancers. Genistein exhibits pleiotropic functions in cancer, metabolism, and inflammation. It functions as an antineoplastic agent through its effect on the cell cycle, apoptotic processes, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to study the genistein onco-suppressive effects during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters\' buccal pouch utilizing flow cytometry analysis (FMA), as a fast-diagnosing tool, in addition to the histopathology.
METHODS: The buccal mucosa of adult male Syrian hamsters was painted with paraffin oil only (group 1), DMBA mixed in mineral oil (group 2), or orally administrated genistein along with painting DMBA (group 2B). The buccal mucosa was utilized for flow cytometric analysis and histopathological examination.
RESULTS: Grossly, DMBA-induced carcinogenesis started at the 9th week. Progressive signs appeared in the following weeks reaching to large ulcerative oral masses and exophytic nodules at the 21st week. Histologically, invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) appeared in the underlying tissues from the 12th week, showing malignant criteria. Genistein had delayed clinicopathological change, which started 6 weeks later, than the DMBA-painted hamsters, as mild epithelial dysplastic changes. This became moderate during the last 6 weeks, without dysplastic changes. Flow cytometry revealed that DMBA led to considerable variation in DNA proliferation activity, aneuploid DNA pattern, in 47.22% of hamsters and significantly raised the S-phase fragment (SPF) values, which drastically reduced after genistein treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, genistein could be employed as an onco-suppressive agent for carcinogenesis. Moreover, FMA could be used as an aiding fast tool for diagnosis of cancer.
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to study the genistein onco-suppressive effects during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters\' buccal pouch utilizing flow cytometry analysis (FMA), as a fast-diagnosing tool, in addition to the histopathology.
METHODS: The buccal mucosa of adult male Syrian hamsters was painted with paraffin oil only (group 1), DMBA mixed in mineral oil (group 2), or orally administrated genistein along with painting DMBA (group 2B). The buccal mucosa was utilized for flow cytometric analysis and histopathological examination.
RESULTS: Grossly, DMBA-induced carcinogenesis started at the 9th week. Progressive signs appeared in the following weeks reaching to large ulcerative oral masses and exophytic nodules at the 21st week. Histologically, invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) appeared in the underlying tissues from the 12th week, showing malignant criteria. Genistein had delayed clinicopathological change, which started 6 weeks later, than the DMBA-painted hamsters, as mild epithelial dysplastic changes. This became moderate during the last 6 weeks, without dysplastic changes. Flow cytometry revealed that DMBA led to considerable variation in DNA proliferation activity, aneuploid DNA pattern, in 47.22% of hamsters and significantly raised the S-phase fragment (SPF) values, which drastically reduced after genistein treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, genistein could be employed as an onco-suppressive agent for carcinogenesis. Moreover, FMA could be used as an aiding fast tool for diagnosis of cancer.
摘要：
背景：每年约有700万人死于各种类型的癌症，占全球死亡人数的近12.5％。这一事实提出了开发新的需求，有效的抗癌，onco抑制，和未来对抗癌症的化学保护剂。金雀异黄素在癌症中表现出多效性功能，新陈代谢，和炎症。它通过对细胞周期的影响而起抗肿瘤剂的作用，凋亡过程，血管生成,入侵,和转移。
目的：本研究旨在利用流式细胞术分析(FMA)研究金雀异黄素在7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽(DMBA)诱导仓鼠口腔含囊癌变过程中的抑癌作用。作为一种快速诊断工具，除了组织病理学。
方法：成年雄性叙利亚仓鼠的颊粘膜仅涂有石蜡油（第1组），混合在矿物油中的DMBA（第2组），或口服染料木素并涂漆DMBA（2B组）。颊粘膜用于流式细胞术分析和组织病理学检查。
结果：大致，DMBA诱导的致癌作用在第9周开始。在接下来的几周内出现了进行性体征，在第21周达到了较大的溃疡性口腔肿块和外生结节。组织学上,浸润性高分化口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）从第12周开始出现在下层组织中，显示恶性标准。金雀异黄素有延迟的临床病理改变，六周后开始，比DMBA画的仓鼠，作为轻度上皮发育不良的变化。这在过去的6周变得温和，没有发育不良的变化。流式细胞术显示，DMBA导致DNA增殖活性的相当大的变化，非整倍体DNA模式，在47.22％的仓鼠中，并显着提高了S期片段（SPF）值，金雀异黄素治疗后急剧下降。
结论：综合来看，金雀异黄素可用作致癌抑制剂。此外，FMA可以用作诊断癌症的辅助快速工具。
目的：本研究旨在利用流式细胞术分析(FMA)研究金雀异黄素在7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽(DMBA)诱导仓鼠口腔含囊癌变过程中的抑癌作用。作为一种快速诊断工具，除了组织病理学。
方法：成年雄性叙利亚仓鼠的颊粘膜仅涂有石蜡油（第1组），混合在矿物油中的DMBA（第2组），或口服染料木素并涂漆DMBA（2B组）。颊粘膜用于流式细胞术分析和组织病理学检查。
结果：大致，DMBA诱导的致癌作用在第9周开始。在接下来的几周内出现了进行性体征，在第21周达到了较大的溃疡性口腔肿块和外生结节。组织学上,浸润性高分化口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）从第12周开始出现在下层组织中，显示恶性标准。金雀异黄素有延迟的临床病理改变，六周后开始，比DMBA画的仓鼠，作为轻度上皮发育不良的变化。这在过去的6周变得温和，没有发育不良的变化。流式细胞术显示，DMBA导致DNA增殖活性的相当大的变化，非整倍体DNA模式，在47.22％的仓鼠中，并显着提高了S期片段（SPF）值，金雀异黄素治疗后急剧下降。
结论：综合来看，金雀异黄素可用作致癌抑制剂。此外，FMA可以用作诊断癌症的辅助快速工具。
