Abstract：
This review provides a brief history of the impacts that a human-specific Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), Variola virus, had on mankind, recalls how critical vaccination was for the eradication of this disease, and discusses the consequences of discontinuing vaccination against OPXV. One of these consequences is the emergence of zoonotic OPXV diseases, including Monkeypox virus (MPXV). The focus of this manuscript is to compare pathology associated with zoonotic OPXV infection in veterinary species and in humans. Efficient recognition of poxvirus lesions and other, more subtle signs of disease in multiple species is critical to prevent further spread of poxvirus infections. Additionally included are a synopsis of the pathology observed in animal models of MPXV infection, the recent spread of MPXV among humans, and a discussion of the potential for this virus to persist in Europe and the Americas.
摘要：
这篇综述提供了人类特异性正痘病毒(OPXV)的影响的简要历史，天花病毒,对人类来说，回忆起疫苗接种对根除这种疾病的重要性，并讨论了停止OPXV疫苗接种的后果。这些后果之一是人畜共患OPXV疾病的出现，包括猴痘病毒（MPXV）。本手稿的重点是比较兽医物种和人类中与人畜共患OPXV感染相关的病理学。有效识别痘病毒病变和其他，在多个物种中更微妙的疾病迹象对于防止痘病毒感染的进一步传播至关重要。另外还包括在MPXV感染的动物模型中观察到的病理学概要,最近MPXV在人类中的传播，并讨论了这种病毒在欧洲和美洲持续存在的可能性。
