Abstract：
This study is intended to investigate oral exostoses of 5 sample populations, spanning over 6000 years, from the same region of Northern China, to determine the significance of sex and age on the development of oral exostoses during each time period. The samples analyzed were 306 dry jaws from human skeletons, which were excavated from 4 archeological sites: Banpo (6700-5600 y BP), Shaolingyuan (3000 y BP), Shanren (2200 y BP), and Chang\'an (1000-1300 y BP), as well as the modern Xi\'an district. The sex and the age of the samples at death were estimated. The degree of buccal exostosis (BE), torus mandibularis (TM), and torus palatinus (TP) and the TP shape were recorded. The results showed BEs in the Banpo and Chang\'an regions, TMs in the Banpo region were more often diagnosed in males than in females. Conversely, females in Shaolingyuan showed a higher prevalence and severity of TM than that in males. The occurrence of BEs in the Shanren and Xi\'an regions, TMs in the Banpo, Chang\'an, and Xi\'an regions, as well as TPs in the Banpo region significantly increased with age at death. In conclusion, sex differences and increasing trends with age in relation to oral exostoses were found in samples from Northern China during the past six millennia.
摘要：
本研究旨在调查5个样本人群的口腔外生骨。跨越6000多年，来自中国北方的同一地区，确定性别和年龄在每个时间段内对口腔外生体发育的意义。分析的样本是来自人类骨骼的306个干下巴，从4个考古遗址发掘：半坡(6700-5600年BP)，少灵源（3000年BP），山人（2200年BP），和长安(1000-1300年BP)，以及现代西安地区。估计了死亡时样本的性别和年龄。颊部外生性骨外生(BE)的程度，下颌环面(TM),并记录圆环（TP）和TP形状。结果显示，在半坡和长安地区，半坡地区的TM在男性中比在女性中更常见。相反，少陵源女性的TM患病率和严重程度均高于男性。山仁地区和西安地区发生了BEs，半坡的TM，长安,和西安地区，以及半坡地区的TP随着死亡年龄的增加而显着增加。总之,在过去的六千年中，在中国北方的样本中发现了与口腔外生骨有关的性别差异和随年龄增长的趋势。
