Abstract：
To investigate the prevalence and recovery of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 patients 24 months after the infection.
From 22 March 2020 to 5 June 2022, 251 COVID-19 patients were followed in three European medical centres. Olfactory function was assessed with subjective patient-reported outcome questionnaires and odour identification tests at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postinfection. The predictive values of epidemiological and clinical data were investigated with multivariate analysis.
One hundred and seventy-one patients completed the evaluations. The odour identification test revealed that 123 patients (50.8%) had OD at baseline. The prevalence of persistent psychophysical abnormalities at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-COVID-19 was 24.2%, 17.9%, 5.8% and 2.9%, respectively (p = 0.001). Parosmia occurred in 40 patients (23.4%) and lasted 60 ± 119 days. At 2 years, 51 patients (29.8%) self reported that their olfaction was unnormalised. Older patients had better odour identification evaluations at baseline (p < 0.001) but those with OD reported lower odour identification test scores at the end of the follow-up. Parosmia occurred more frequently in young patients. The olfactory training was significantly associated with higher values of Sniffin\' Sticks tests at 18 months postinfection (rs = 0.678; p < 0.001).
Two years post-COVID-19, 29.8% of patients reported persistent OD, but only 2.9% had abnormal identification psychophysical evaluations.
From 22 March 2020 to 5 June 2022, 251 COVID-19 patients were followed in three European medical centres. Olfactory function was assessed with subjective patient-reported outcome questionnaires and odour identification tests at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postinfection. The predictive values of epidemiological and clinical data were investigated with multivariate analysis.
One hundred and seventy-one patients completed the evaluations. The odour identification test revealed that 123 patients (50.8%) had OD at baseline. The prevalence of persistent psychophysical abnormalities at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-COVID-19 was 24.2%, 17.9%, 5.8% and 2.9%, respectively (p = 0.001). Parosmia occurred in 40 patients (23.4%) and lasted 60 ± 119 days. At 2 years, 51 patients (29.8%) self reported that their olfaction was unnormalised. Older patients had better odour identification evaluations at baseline (p < 0.001) but those with OD reported lower odour identification test scores at the end of the follow-up. Parosmia occurred more frequently in young patients. The olfactory training was significantly associated with higher values of Sniffin\' Sticks tests at 18 months postinfection (rs = 0.678; p < 0.001).
Two years post-COVID-19, 29.8% of patients reported persistent OD, but only 2.9% had abnormal identification psychophysical evaluations.
摘要：
了解COVID-19患者感染24个月后嗅觉功能障碍(OD)的发生率及恢复情况。
从2020年3月22日至2022年6月5日，在三个欧洲医疗中心随访了251名COVID-19患者。嗅觉功能在基线时通过主观患者报告的结果问卷和气味识别测试进行评估。感染后6、12、18和24个月。采用多变量分析对流行病学和临床数据进行预测。
一百七十一名患者完成了评估。气味鉴定测试显示123名患者(50.8%)在基线时具有OD。在COVID-19后6、12、18和24个月，持续性心理生理异常的患病率为24.2％，17.9%,5.8%和2.9%，分别(p=0.001)。40例（23.4％）发生了假发，持续60±119天。在2年,51名患者（29.8％）自我报告他们的嗅觉异常。老年患者在基线时具有更好的气味识别评价(p<0.001),但是具有OD的患者在随访结束时报告了更低的气味识别测试得分。在年轻患者中更频繁地发生假发。嗅觉训练与感染后18个月的Sniffin棒试验值显着相关（rs=0.678；p<0.001）。
COVID-19后两年，29.8%的患者报告持续OD，但只有2.9%的人有异常的识别心理物理评估。
从2020年3月22日至2022年6月5日，在三个欧洲医疗中心随访了251名COVID-19患者。嗅觉功能在基线时通过主观患者报告的结果问卷和气味识别测试进行评估。感染后6、12、18和24个月。采用多变量分析对流行病学和临床数据进行预测。
一百七十一名患者完成了评估。气味鉴定测试显示123名患者(50.8%)在基线时具有OD。在COVID-19后6、12、18和24个月，持续性心理生理异常的患病率为24.2％，17.9%,5.8%和2.9%，分别(p=0.001)。40例（23.4％）发生了假发，持续60±119天。在2年,51名患者（29.8％）自我报告他们的嗅觉异常。老年患者在基线时具有更好的气味识别评价(p<0.001),但是具有OD的患者在随访结束时报告了更低的气味识别测试得分。在年轻患者中更频繁地发生假发。嗅觉训练与感染后18个月的Sniffin棒试验值显着相关（rs=0.678；p<0.001）。
COVID-19后两年，29.8%的患者报告持续OD，但只有2.9%的人有异常的识别心理物理评估。
