Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The study aims to investigate surface properties and microbial adhesion of various dental polymers fabricated by different manufacturing techniques before and after thermocycling.
METHODS: The following six materials were used to fabricate disk-shaped specimens: conventional denture polymer (Vertex Acrylic Resin, VAR), CAD/CAM denture polymer (Organic PMMA eco Pink, OP), conventional temporary polymer (Protemp™ 4, PT), CAD/CAM temporary polymer (Die Material, DM), conventional denture framework polymer (BioHPP, PB), and CAD/CAM denture framework polymer (breCAM.BioHPP, CB). The specimens were tested before and after thermocycling (5000 and 10,000 cycles, 5 °C/55 °C). Surface roughness (SR), hydrophobicity, and surface topography were determined by profilometry, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then specimens were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans for 24 h, respectively. Microbial adhesion was assessed using colony-forming unit counts, XTT assay, and SEM.
RESULTS: SR and hydrophobicity of VAR group were higher than that of OP group. S. aureus and C. albicans adhesion on VAR and PT groups were higher than that on OP and DM groups, respectively. There was no difference in surface properties and microbial adhesion between PB and CB groups. After thermocycling, SR (expect OP group) of all materials increased and hydrophobicity decreased, and the amount and activity of S. aureus and C. albicans adhesion also increased. The adhesion of S. aureus and C. albicans showed a moderate positive correlation with SR, independent of hydrophobicity.
CONCLUSIONS: CAD/CAM denture polymers and temporary polymers showed less S. aureus and C. albicans adhesion when compared to conventional ones, which were mainly affected by surface roughness, independent of hydrophobicity. Thermocycling could increase surface roughness, decrease hydrophobicity, and affect microbial adhesion of the materials.
CONCLUSIONS: CAD/CAM dental polymers may be a better choice for the manufacture of temporary restorations and dentures to reduce microbial adhesion.
METHODS: The following six materials were used to fabricate disk-shaped specimens: conventional denture polymer (Vertex Acrylic Resin, VAR), CAD/CAM denture polymer (Organic PMMA eco Pink, OP), conventional temporary polymer (Protemp™ 4, PT), CAD/CAM temporary polymer (Die Material, DM), conventional denture framework polymer (BioHPP, PB), and CAD/CAM denture framework polymer (breCAM.BioHPP, CB). The specimens were tested before and after thermocycling (5000 and 10,000 cycles, 5 °C/55 °C). Surface roughness (SR), hydrophobicity, and surface topography were determined by profilometry, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then specimens were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans for 24 h, respectively. Microbial adhesion was assessed using colony-forming unit counts, XTT assay, and SEM.
RESULTS: SR and hydrophobicity of VAR group were higher than that of OP group. S. aureus and C. albicans adhesion on VAR and PT groups were higher than that on OP and DM groups, respectively. There was no difference in surface properties and microbial adhesion between PB and CB groups. After thermocycling, SR (expect OP group) of all materials increased and hydrophobicity decreased, and the amount and activity of S. aureus and C. albicans adhesion also increased. The adhesion of S. aureus and C. albicans showed a moderate positive correlation with SR, independent of hydrophobicity.
CONCLUSIONS: CAD/CAM denture polymers and temporary polymers showed less S. aureus and C. albicans adhesion when compared to conventional ones, which were mainly affected by surface roughness, independent of hydrophobicity. Thermocycling could increase surface roughness, decrease hydrophobicity, and affect microbial adhesion of the materials.
CONCLUSIONS: CAD/CAM dental polymers may be a better choice for the manufacture of temporary restorations and dentures to reduce microbial adhesion.
摘要：
目的：该研究旨在研究通过不同制造技术制造的各种牙科聚合物在热循环前后的表面特性和微生物粘附性。
方法：以下六种材料用于制造圆盘形标本：常规义齿聚合物（Vertex丙烯酸树脂，VAR),CAD/CAM义齿聚合物(有机PMMAecoPink,OP),常规临时聚合物（Protemp™4，PT），CAD/CAM临时聚合物（模具材料，DM),常规义齿框架聚合物(BioHPP，PB),和CAD/CAM义齿框架聚合物(breCAM。BioHPP,CB).在热循环之前和之后对样品进行测试（5000和10,000个循环，5°C/55°C)。表面粗糙度(SR),疏水性,表面形貌通过轮廓术确定，水接触角,和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）。然后用金黄色葡萄球菌孵育标本,变形链球菌,和白色念珠菌24小时，分别。使用菌落形成单位计数评估微生物粘附，XTT测定,和SEM。
结果：VAR组的SR和疏水性高于OP组。VAR组和PT组的金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌粘附率高于OP组和DM组,分别。PB和CB组之间的表面性质和微生物粘附没有差异。热循环后，所有材料的SR（预期OP组）增加，疏水性降低，金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的粘附量和活性也增加。金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的黏附与SR呈中度正相关,与疏水性无关。
结论：CAD/CAM义齿聚合物和临时聚合物与常规义齿相比，金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的附着力较小，主要受表面粗糙度的影响，与疏水性无关。热循环可以增加表面粗糙度，降低疏水性，并影响材料的微生物粘附。
结论：CAD/CAM牙科聚合物可能是制造临时修复体和假牙以减少微生物粘附的更好选择。
方法：以下六种材料用于制造圆盘形标本：常规义齿聚合物（Vertex丙烯酸树脂，VAR),CAD/CAM义齿聚合物(有机PMMAecoPink,OP),常规临时聚合物（Protemp™4，PT），CAD/CAM临时聚合物（模具材料，DM),常规义齿框架聚合物(BioHPP，PB),和CAD/CAM义齿框架聚合物(breCAM。BioHPP,CB).在热循环之前和之后对样品进行测试（5000和10,000个循环，5°C/55°C)。表面粗糙度(SR),疏水性,表面形貌通过轮廓术确定，水接触角,和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）。然后用金黄色葡萄球菌孵育标本,变形链球菌,和白色念珠菌24小时，分别。使用菌落形成单位计数评估微生物粘附，XTT测定,和SEM。
结果：VAR组的SR和疏水性高于OP组。VAR组和PT组的金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌粘附率高于OP组和DM组,分别。PB和CB组之间的表面性质和微生物粘附没有差异。热循环后，所有材料的SR（预期OP组）增加，疏水性降低，金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的粘附量和活性也增加。金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的黏附与SR呈中度正相关,与疏水性无关。
结论：CAD/CAM义齿聚合物和临时聚合物与常规义齿相比，金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的附着力较小，主要受表面粗糙度的影响，与疏水性无关。热循环可以增加表面粗糙度，降低疏水性，并影响材料的微生物粘附。
结论：CAD/CAM牙科聚合物可能是制造临时修复体和假牙以减少微生物粘附的更好选择。
