Abstract：
Since the exploration of sequencing began in 2005, third and next-generation sequencing (TGS and NGS) technologies have fundamentally changed metagenomics research. These platforms provide essential benefits regarding speed, cost, quality and precision in the never-ending search for microorganisms\' genetic material, regardless of location on earth. TGS are typically represented by technologies driven from power generation by semiconductor chips and utilization of enzymatic reactions by SOLiD/Ion Torrent PGM™ from Life Sciences, sequencing by synthesis using fluorescent labels on HiSeq/MiSeq™ from Illumina, pyrosequencing by GS FLX Titanium/GS Junior from Roche and nanopore-based sequencing by MinION™/GridION™/PromethION™ from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The evolution of this technology enabled researchers to continually broaden their knowledge of the microbial world. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent literature on the utilization of both TGS and NGS technologies for the investigation of microbial metagenomics, their benefits and limitations with real-time examples of novel applications in clinical microbiology and public health, food and agriculture, energy and environment, arts and space.
摘要：
自2005年开始探索测序以来，第三代和下一代测序（TGS和NGS）技术从根本上改变了宏基因组学研究。这些平台提供了关于速度的基本好处，成本,在永无止境的寻找微生物遗传物质的质量和精确度，无论在地球上的位置。TGS通常由半导体芯片发电和生命科学SOLiD/IonTorrentPGM™酶促反应驱动的技术代表，通过使用Illumina的HiSeq/MiSeq™上的荧光标记进行合成测序，罗氏公司GSFLXTitanium/GSJunior的焦磷酸测序和牛津纳米孔技术公司MinION™/GridION™/Promethion™的基于纳米孔的测序。这项技术的发展使研究人员能够不断扩大他们对微生物世界的了解。这篇综述全面概述了最近关于利用TGS和NGS技术进行微生物宏基因组学研究的文献，他们的好处和局限性与临床微生物学和公共卫生的新应用的实时例子，粮食和农业,能源与环境,艺术与空间
