Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Reporting individual clinical and patient-reported outcomes to patients during consultations may add to patients\' disease knowledge and activation and stimulate Shared Decision Making (SDM). These outcomes can be presented over time in a clear way by the means of dashboarding. We aimed to systematically develop a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) dashboard designed to support consultations, test its usability and explore conditions for optimal use in practice.
METHODS: For development a participatory approach with patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) from three hospitals was used. Working groups and patient focus groups were conducted to identify needs and inform the dashboard\'s design. Usability was tested in patient interviews. A focus group with HCPs was held to identify conditions for optimal use of the dashboard in daily practice.
RESULTS: A dashboard was developed for CKD patients stage 3b-4 visualizing both clinical and patient-reported outcomes over time for use during consultations and accessible for patients at home. Both HCPs and patients indicated that the dashboard can: motivate patients in their treatment by providing feedback on outcomes over time; improve consultation conversations by enhanced preparation of both HCPs and patients; better inform patients, thereby facilitating shared decision making. HCPs and patients both stated that setting a topic agenda for the consultation together is important in effectively discussing the dashboard during consultations. Moreover, the dashboard should not dominate the conversation. Lastly, findings of the usability tests provided design requirements for optimal user-friendliness and clarity.
CONCLUSIONS: Dashboarding can be a valuable way of reporting individual outcome information to patients and their clinicians as findings suggest it may stimulate patient activation and facilitate decision making. Co-creation with patients and HCPs was essential for successful development of the dashboard. Gained knowledge from the co-creation process can inform others wishing to develop similar digital tools for use in clinical practice.
METHODS: For development a participatory approach with patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) from three hospitals was used. Working groups and patient focus groups were conducted to identify needs and inform the dashboard\'s design. Usability was tested in patient interviews. A focus group with HCPs was held to identify conditions for optimal use of the dashboard in daily practice.
RESULTS: A dashboard was developed for CKD patients stage 3b-4 visualizing both clinical and patient-reported outcomes over time for use during consultations and accessible for patients at home. Both HCPs and patients indicated that the dashboard can: motivate patients in their treatment by providing feedback on outcomes over time; improve consultation conversations by enhanced preparation of both HCPs and patients; better inform patients, thereby facilitating shared decision making. HCPs and patients both stated that setting a topic agenda for the consultation together is important in effectively discussing the dashboard during consultations. Moreover, the dashboard should not dominate the conversation. Lastly, findings of the usability tests provided design requirements for optimal user-friendliness and clarity.
CONCLUSIONS: Dashboarding can be a valuable way of reporting individual outcome information to patients and their clinicians as findings suggest it may stimulate patient activation and facilitate decision making. Co-creation with patients and HCPs was essential for successful development of the dashboard. Gained knowledge from the co-creation process can inform others wishing to develop similar digital tools for use in clinical practice.
摘要：
背景：在咨询期间向患者报告个别临床和患者报告的结果可能会增加患者的疾病知识和激活，并刺激共享决策（SDM）。这些结果可以通过仪表板以清晰的方式呈现。我们旨在系统地开发旨在支持咨询的慢性肾脏病（CKD）仪表板，测试其可用性，并探索在实践中最佳使用的条件。
方法：为了开发，使用了来自三家医院的患者和医疗保健专业人员（HCP）的参与式方法。进行工作组和患者焦点小组以确定需求并告知仪表板的设计。在患者访谈中测试了可用性。举行了一个与HCP的焦点小组，以确定在日常实践中最佳使用仪表板的条件。
结果：为CKD3b-4期患者开发了一个仪表板，可随着时间的推移可视化临床和患者报告的结果，以便在咨询期间使用，患者可以在家中使用。HCP和患者都表示仪表板可以：通过随时间提供对结果的反馈来激励患者的治疗；通过加强HCP和患者的准备来改善咨询对话；更好地告知患者，从而促进共同决策。HCP和患者都表示，为咨询制定主题议程对于在咨询期间有效讨论仪表板很重要。此外，仪表板不应该主导对话。最后,可用性测试的结果提供了最佳用户友好性和清晰度的设计要求。
结论：Dashboard可能是向患者及其临床医生报告个体结果信息的一种有价值的方式，因为研究结果表明它可能会刺激患者的激活并促进决策。与患者和HCP的共同创造对于仪表板的成功开发至关重要。从共同创造过程中获得的知识可以告知希望开发类似的数字工具用于临床实践的其他人。
方法：为了开发，使用了来自三家医院的患者和医疗保健专业人员（HCP）的参与式方法。进行工作组和患者焦点小组以确定需求并告知仪表板的设计。在患者访谈中测试了可用性。举行了一个与HCP的焦点小组，以确定在日常实践中最佳使用仪表板的条件。
结果：为CKD3b-4期患者开发了一个仪表板，可随着时间的推移可视化临床和患者报告的结果，以便在咨询期间使用，患者可以在家中使用。HCP和患者都表示仪表板可以：通过随时间提供对结果的反馈来激励患者的治疗；通过加强HCP和患者的准备来改善咨询对话；更好地告知患者，从而促进共同决策。HCP和患者都表示，为咨询制定主题议程对于在咨询期间有效讨论仪表板很重要。此外，仪表板不应该主导对话。最后,可用性测试的结果提供了最佳用户友好性和清晰度的设计要求。
结论：Dashboard可能是向患者及其临床医生报告个体结果信息的一种有价值的方式，因为研究结果表明它可能会刺激患者的激活并促进决策。与患者和HCP的共同创造对于仪表板的成功开发至关重要。从共同创造过程中获得的知识可以告知希望开发类似的数字工具用于临床实践的其他人。
