PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a developmental risk factor and can negatively influence later psychological functioning, health, and development in the next generation. A comprehensive understanding of the biopsychosocial underpinnings of CM transmission would allow to identify protective factors that could disrupt the intergenerational CM risk cycle. This study examined the consequences of maternal CM and the effects of psychosocial and biological resilience factors on child attachment and stress-regulatory development using a prospective trans-disciplinary approach.
UNASSIGNED: Mother-child dyads (N = 158) participated shortly after parturition (t 0), after 3 months (t 1), and 12 months later (t 2). Mothers\' CM experiences were assessed at t 0, attachment representation at t 1 and psychosocial risk and social support were assessed at t 1 and t 2. At t 2, dyads participated in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Children\'s attachmen status were classified as organized vs. disorganized, including their level of disorganized behavior, and heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded as stress response measures of the autonomic nervous system. Maternal caregiving during SSP was assessed using the AMBIANCE scale. Child\'s single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2254298 within the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and rs2740210 of the oxytocin gene (OXT) were genotyped using DNA isolated from cord blood.
UNASSIGNED: Maternal CM experiences (CM+) were significantly associated with an unresolved attachment status, higher perceived stress and more psychological symptoms. These negative effects of CM were attenuated by social support. As expected, maternal unresolved attachment and child disorganized attachment were significantly associated. Maternal caregiving did not mediate the relationship between maternal and child attachment but influenced children\'s HR and RSA response and disorganized behavior. Moreover, the rs2254298 genotype of the OXTR gene moderated the stress response of children from mothers with CM. Children carrying the rs2740210 risk allele of the OXT gene showed more disorganized behavior independent from maternal CM experiences.
UNASSIGNED: We replicated and extended existing CM and attachment models by co-examining maternal attachment, social support, and child genetic susceptibility on child attachment and cardiovascular stress regulation. The findings contribute to an extended understanding of risk and resilience factors and enable professionals to target adequate services to parents and children at risk.
UNASSIGNED: Mother-child dyads (N = 158) participated shortly after parturition (t 0), after 3 months (t 1), and 12 months later (t 2). Mothers\' CM experiences were assessed at t 0, attachment representation at t 1 and psychosocial risk and social support were assessed at t 1 and t 2. At t 2, dyads participated in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Children\'s attachmen status were classified as organized vs. disorganized, including their level of disorganized behavior, and heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded as stress response measures of the autonomic nervous system. Maternal caregiving during SSP was assessed using the AMBIANCE scale. Child\'s single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2254298 within the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and rs2740210 of the oxytocin gene (OXT) were genotyped using DNA isolated from cord blood.
UNASSIGNED: Maternal CM experiences (CM+) were significantly associated with an unresolved attachment status, higher perceived stress and more psychological symptoms. These negative effects of CM were attenuated by social support. As expected, maternal unresolved attachment and child disorganized attachment were significantly associated. Maternal caregiving did not mediate the relationship between maternal and child attachment but influenced children\'s HR and RSA response and disorganized behavior. Moreover, the rs2254298 genotype of the OXTR gene moderated the stress response of children from mothers with CM. Children carrying the rs2740210 risk allele of the OXT gene showed more disorganized behavior independent from maternal CM experiences.
UNASSIGNED: We replicated and extended existing CM and attachment models by co-examining maternal attachment, social support, and child genetic susceptibility on child attachment and cardiovascular stress regulation. The findings contribute to an extended understanding of risk and resilience factors and enable professionals to target adequate services to parents and children at risk.
摘要：
■儿童虐待（CM）是一种发育风险因素，会对以后的心理功能产生负面影响，健康,和下一代的发展。全面了解CM传播的生物心理社会基础将有助于确定可能破坏代际CM风险周期的保护因素。这项研究使用前瞻性跨学科方法研究了母亲CM的后果以及心理社会和生物复原力因素对儿童依恋和压力调节发展的影响。
■分娩后不久（t0），母子双子（N=158）参加，3个月后（T1），12个月后（t2）。在t0评估母亲的CM经验，在t1评估依恋代表，在t1和t2评估心理社会风险和社会支持。在t2时，二元组参加了奇怪的情况程序(SSP)。儿童随员身份被归类为有组织与杂乱无章,包括他们杂乱无章的行为，记录心率（HR）和呼吸窦性心律失常（RSA）作为自主神经系统的应激反应指标。使用AMBIANCE量表评估SSP期间的产妇护理。使用从脐带血中分离的DNA对催产素受体（OXTR）内的儿童单核苷酸多态性rs2254298和催产素基因（OXT）的rs2740210进行基因分型。
母亲CM经历（CM+）与未解决的依恋状态显著相关，更高的感知压力和更多的心理症状。社会支持减轻了CM的这些负面影响。不出所料,母亲未解决的依恋和儿童无组织的依恋显著相关.产妇护理不能调节母婴依恋之间的关系，但会影响儿童的HR和RSA反应以及无组织行为。此外，OXTR基因的rs2254298基因型调节了CM母亲儿童的应激反应。携带OXT基因rs2740210风险等位基因的儿童表现出更多的无序行为，而与母亲的CM经历无关。
■我们通过共同检查母性依恋来复制和扩展现有的CM和依恋模型，社会支持,儿童遗传易感性对儿童依恋和心血管压力调节的影响。这些发现有助于加深对风险和弹性因素的理解，并使专业人员能够为处于风险中的父母和儿童提供适当的服务。
■分娩后不久（t0），母子双子（N=158）参加，3个月后（T1），12个月后（t2）。在t0评估母亲的CM经验，在t1评估依恋代表，在t1和t2评估心理社会风险和社会支持。在t2时，二元组参加了奇怪的情况程序(SSP)。儿童随员身份被归类为有组织与杂乱无章,包括他们杂乱无章的行为，记录心率（HR）和呼吸窦性心律失常（RSA）作为自主神经系统的应激反应指标。使用AMBIANCE量表评估SSP期间的产妇护理。使用从脐带血中分离的DNA对催产素受体（OXTR）内的儿童单核苷酸多态性rs2254298和催产素基因（OXT）的rs2740210进行基因分型。
母亲CM经历（CM+）与未解决的依恋状态显著相关，更高的感知压力和更多的心理症状。社会支持减轻了CM的这些负面影响。不出所料,母亲未解决的依恋和儿童无组织的依恋显著相关.产妇护理不能调节母婴依恋之间的关系，但会影响儿童的HR和RSA反应以及无组织行为。此外，OXTR基因的rs2254298基因型调节了CM母亲儿童的应激反应。携带OXT基因rs2740210风险等位基因的儿童表现出更多的无序行为，而与母亲的CM经历无关。
■我们通过共同检查母性依恋来复制和扩展现有的CM和依恋模型，社会支持,儿童遗传易感性对儿童依恋和心血管压力调节的影响。这些发现有助于加深对风险和弹性因素的理解，并使专业人员能够为处于风险中的父母和儿童提供适当的服务。
