关键词： ABC, ATP-Binding Cassette APC, Antigen Presenting Cells Alternate antifungal therapies Antifungal resistance BAD1, Blastomyces Adhesin-1 BBB, Blood Brain Barrier Biofilm CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CNS, Central Nervous System DC, Dendritic Cells ERG, ETS-Related Gene ETS, Erythoblast Transformation Specific FCY, Fluorocytosine Deaminase FDA, Food and Drug Administration Fungal pathogenesis G-CSF, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor GM-CSF, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor HAI, Healthcare Associated Infections HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Host-immune response Hsp, Heat Shock Protein IFN, Interferon M-CSF, Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor MFS, Major Facilitator Superfamily NK, Natural Killer PAMP, Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern PRR, Pattern Recognition Receptors RNS, Reactive Nitrogen Species ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species TLR, Toll-Like Receptors ABC, ATP-Binding Cassette APC, Antigen Presenting Cells Alternate antifungal therapies Antifungal resistance BAD1, Blastomyces Adhesin-1 BBB, Blood Brain Barrier Biofilm CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CNS, Central Nervous System DC, Dendritic Cells ERG, ETS-Related Gene ETS, Erythoblast Transformation Specific FCY, Fluorocytosine Deaminase FDA, Food and Drug Administration Fungal pathogenesis G-CSF, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor GM-CSF, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor HAI, Healthcare Associated Infections HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Host-immune response Hsp, Heat Shock Protein IFN, Interferon M-CSF, Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor MFS, Major Facilitator Superfamily NK, Natural Killer PAMP, Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern PRR, Pattern Recognition Receptors RNS, Reactive Nitrogen Species ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species TLR, Toll-Like Receptors

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100137   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract：
Increasing incidence of fungal infections of recent times requires immediate intervention. Fungal infections are seldom construed at initial stages that intensify the severity of infections and complicate the treatment procedures. Fungal pathogens employ various mechanisms to evade the host immune system and to progress the severity of infections. For the treatment of diverse superficial and systemic infections, antifungal drugs from the available repertoire are administered. However, well documented evidence of fungal resistance to most of the antifungal drugs hampers disease control and poses challenges in antifungal therapy. Several physiological adaptations and genetic mutations followed by their selection in presence of antifungal agents drive the resistance development in fungi. The availability of limited antifungal arsenal, emergence of resistance and biofilm-conferred resistance drives the need for development of novel drugs and alternate approaches for the better treatment outcome against mycoses. This graphical review explicitly shed light on various fungal infections and causative organisms, pathogenesis, different antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms including host immune response and evasion strategies. Here, we have highlighted recent developments on novel antifungal agents and other alternate approaches for fighting against fungal infections.
摘要：
近来真菌感染的发病率增加需要立即干预。真菌感染在初始阶段很少被解释，这加剧了感染的严重程度并使治疗程序复杂化。真菌病原体采用各种机制来逃避宿主免疫系统并使感染的严重性进展。对于各种表面和全身感染的治疗，从可用的药库中施用抗真菌药物。然而,大量证据证明真菌对大多数抗真菌药物的耐药性阻碍了疾病的控制，并在抗真菌治疗中提出了挑战。在存在抗真菌剂的情况下，几种生理适应和遗传突变以及它们的选择驱动了真菌的抗性发展。有限的抗真菌军火库的可用性，耐药性和生物膜赋予的耐药性的出现促使人们需要开发新药物和替代方法，以更好地治疗霉菌病。这份图形化的审查清楚地揭示了各种真菌感染和致病生物，发病机制，不同的抗真菌药物和耐药机制，包括宿主免疫反应和逃避策略。这里,我们强调了新型抗真菌药物和其他对抗真菌感染的替代方法的最新进展。
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