Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the esthetic perception of selected canine features, namely crown length, shade, inclination, and angle of incisal edge tip.
METHODS: The anterior maxillary teeth of a Central European woman were photographed and digitally modified in order to investigate esthetic perceptions of the above four categories. Three groups of examiners with different levels of experience in the field of dentistry (laypersons/inexperienced dental students, advanced dental students, dentists) evaluated the photographs twice with the help of visual analogue scales.
RESULTS: The best-evaluated canines have approximately the same length as the central incisor, have the same shade as the other anterior teeth, are best embedded in a lighter overall tooth shade, are neutral to slightly palatal inclined, and have a right angled to rounded incisal edge (≥ 90°). The canines evaluated as least esthetic, however, are longer than the central incisors, darker, inclined labially, and have a tapered incisal edge. No significant differences could be found between the evaluations of the groups with regard to the four feature categories.
CONCLUSIONS: Laypersons, advanced dental students, and dentists generally evaluate according to the same esthetic standards. Gender does not have a significant influence on evaluation. Clear definitions of esthetically favored shades, incisal edge shapes, inclination, and lengths of the canines can be given.
CONCLUSIONS: Since the esthetics of the smile line play a critical role for patients, dentists, dental technicians, and their supplying industry, knowledge of the esthetically preferred morphology of canines is essential.
CONCLUSIONS: The aim of this study is to give clear definitions of esthetically favored shades, incisal edge shapes, and lengths of the canines, as the esthetics of the smile line play a critical role for patients, dentists, dental technicians, and their supplying industry (e.g., denture tooth manufacturers). Precise knowledge of esthetic preferences is important in clinical practice for both dentists and dental technicians, for example, in order to adequately advise patients regarding esthetic corrections. Also, in the case of missing teeth, this knowledge is essential for optimal and satisfactory restorations. Thus, this study can contribute to the satisfaction of general practitioners and patients.
METHODS: The anterior maxillary teeth of a Central European woman were photographed and digitally modified in order to investigate esthetic perceptions of the above four categories. Three groups of examiners with different levels of experience in the field of dentistry (laypersons/inexperienced dental students, advanced dental students, dentists) evaluated the photographs twice with the help of visual analogue scales.
RESULTS: The best-evaluated canines have approximately the same length as the central incisor, have the same shade as the other anterior teeth, are best embedded in a lighter overall tooth shade, are neutral to slightly palatal inclined, and have a right angled to rounded incisal edge (≥ 90°). The canines evaluated as least esthetic, however, are longer than the central incisors, darker, inclined labially, and have a tapered incisal edge. No significant differences could be found between the evaluations of the groups with regard to the four feature categories.
CONCLUSIONS: Laypersons, advanced dental students, and dentists generally evaluate according to the same esthetic standards. Gender does not have a significant influence on evaluation. Clear definitions of esthetically favored shades, incisal edge shapes, inclination, and lengths of the canines can be given.
CONCLUSIONS: Since the esthetics of the smile line play a critical role for patients, dentists, dental technicians, and their supplying industry, knowledge of the esthetically preferred morphology of canines is essential.
CONCLUSIONS: The aim of this study is to give clear definitions of esthetically favored shades, incisal edge shapes, and lengths of the canines, as the esthetics of the smile line play a critical role for patients, dentists, dental technicians, and their supplying industry (e.g., denture tooth manufacturers). Precise knowledge of esthetic preferences is important in clinical practice for both dentists and dental technicians, for example, in order to adequately advise patients regarding esthetic corrections. Also, in the case of missing teeth, this knowledge is essential for optimal and satisfactory restorations. Thus, this study can contribute to the satisfaction of general practitioners and patients.
摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是分析选定犬科动物特征的审美知觉，即冠长,shade,倾斜度,和切缘尖端的角度。
方法：对一名中欧妇女的上颌前牙进行拍照并进行数字修饰，以调查对上述四个类别的美感。三组在牙科领域具有不同经验水平的考官（外行人/没有经验的牙科学生，先进的牙科学生，牙医）在视觉模拟量表的帮助下对照片进行了两次评估。
结果：评估最好的犬齿与中切牙的长度大致相同，与其他前牙一样，最好嵌入较浅的整体牙齿阴影中，是中性到轻微的腭倾斜，并具有直角至圆形的切缘(≥90°)。被评价为最不美观的犬科动物，然而,比中间门牙长，较暗,倾向于劳动，并有一个锥形的切缘。在四个特征类别方面，各组的评估之间没有发现显着差异。
结论：外行人，先进的牙科学生，牙医通常根据相同的美学标准进行评估。性别对评价没有显著影响。对美学上偏爱的色调的明确定义，切缘形状,倾斜度,可以给出犬科动物的长度。
结论：由于微笑线的美学对患者起着至关重要的作用，牙医,牙科技术员,和他们的供应业，了解犬科动物的美学首选形态是必不可少的。
结论：这项研究的目的是明确定义美学上偏爱的色调，切缘形状,和犬科动物的长度，由于微笑线的美学对患者起着至关重要的作用，牙医,牙科技术员,和他们的供应行业(例如，义齿牙制造商)。准确了解审美偏好对牙医和牙科技师的临床实践都很重要,例如,以充分建议患者进行审美矫正。此外，在牙齿缺失的情况下，这些知识对于最佳和令人满意的修复至关重要。因此，这项研究可以提高全科医生和患者的满意度。
方法：对一名中欧妇女的上颌前牙进行拍照并进行数字修饰，以调查对上述四个类别的美感。三组在牙科领域具有不同经验水平的考官（外行人/没有经验的牙科学生，先进的牙科学生，牙医）在视觉模拟量表的帮助下对照片进行了两次评估。
结果：评估最好的犬齿与中切牙的长度大致相同，与其他前牙一样，最好嵌入较浅的整体牙齿阴影中，是中性到轻微的腭倾斜，并具有直角至圆形的切缘(≥90°)。被评价为最不美观的犬科动物，然而,比中间门牙长，较暗,倾向于劳动，并有一个锥形的切缘。在四个特征类别方面，各组的评估之间没有发现显着差异。
结论：外行人，先进的牙科学生，牙医通常根据相同的美学标准进行评估。性别对评价没有显著影响。对美学上偏爱的色调的明确定义，切缘形状,倾斜度,可以给出犬科动物的长度。
结论：由于微笑线的美学对患者起着至关重要的作用，牙医,牙科技术员,和他们的供应业，了解犬科动物的美学首选形态是必不可少的。
结论：这项研究的目的是明确定义美学上偏爱的色调，切缘形状,和犬科动物的长度，由于微笑线的美学对患者起着至关重要的作用，牙医,牙科技术员,和他们的供应行业(例如，义齿牙制造商)。准确了解审美偏好对牙医和牙科技师的临床实践都很重要,例如,以充分建议患者进行审美矫正。此外，在牙齿缺失的情况下，这些知识对于最佳和令人满意的修复至关重要。因此，这项研究可以提高全科医生和患者的满意度。
