Abstract：
Pediatric neurosurgery is a highly specialized branch of surgery in which surgical site infections (SSIs) are potentially serious complications that can also adversely affect a good surgical outcome, compromising functional recovery and, in some cases, even putting the patient\'s life at risk. The main aim of this consensus document is to provide clinicians with a series of recommendations on antimicrobial prophylaxis for neonates and children undergoing neurosurgery. The following scenarios were considered: (1) craniotomy or cranial/cranio-facial approach to craniosynostosis; (2) neurosurgery with a trans-nasal-trans-sphenoidal approach; (3) non-penetrating head injuries; (4) penetrating head fracture; (5) spinal surgery (extradural and intradural); (6) shunt surgery or neuroendoscopy; (7) neuroendovascular procedures. Patients undergoing neurosurgery often undergo peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, with different schedules, not always supported by scientific evidence. This consensus provides clear and shared indications, based on the most updated literature. This work has been made possible by the multidisciplinary contribution of experts belonging to the most important Italian scientific societies, and represents, in our opinion, the most complete and up-to-date collection of recommendations on the behavior to be held in the peri-operative setting in this type of intervention, in order to guide physicians in the management of the patient, standardize approaches and avoid abuse and misuse of antibiotics.
摘要：
小儿神经外科是一个高度专业化的外科分支，其中手术部位感染（SSIs）是潜在的严重并发症，也可能对良好的手术结果产生不利影响。影响功能恢复和，在某些情况下,甚至把病人的生命置于危险之中.该共识文件的主要目的是为临床医生提供一系列有关神经外科新生儿和儿童抗菌预防的建议。考虑了以下情况：（1）开颅手术或颅/颅面部方法进行颅骨融合；（2）经鼻-经蝶入路的神经外科手术；（3）非穿透性头部损伤；（4）穿透性头部骨折；（5）脊柱手术（硬膜外和硬膜内）；（6）分流手术或神经内镜检查；（7）神经血管内手术。接受神经外科手术的患者经常接受围手术期抗生素预防，不同的时间表，并不总是得到科学证据的支持。这一共识提供了明确和共同的迹象，基于最新的文献。意大利最重要的科学学会的专家的多学科贡献使这项工作成为可能，并代表，在我们看来,在这种类型的干预中，关于围手术期环境中举行的行为的最完整和最新的建议集合，为了指导医生对病人的管理，规范方法，避免滥用和误用抗生素。
