Abstract：
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to increase. In the early stages of melanoma, when the malignant cells have not spread to lymph nodes, they can be removed by simple surgery and there is usually low recurrence. Melanoma has a high mortality rate due to its ability to metastasize; once melanoma has spread, it becomes a major health complication. For these reasons, it is important to study how healthy melanocytes transform into melanoma cells, how they interact with the immune system, which mechanisms they use to escape immunosurveillance, and, finally, how they spread and colonize other tissues, metastasizing. Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma, but it is not yet clear under which conditions they are beneficial or detrimental. Models capable of studying the relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the early steps of melanocyte transformation are urgently needed, as they are expected to help recognize premetastatic lesions in patients by improving both early detection and the development of new therapies.
摘要：
黑色素瘤是最致命的皮肤癌，其发病率继续增加。在黑色素瘤的早期阶段，当恶性细胞没有扩散到淋巴结时，它们可以通过简单的手术切除，通常复发率低。黑色素瘤由于其转移能力而具有很高的死亡率；一旦黑色素瘤扩散，它成为一个主要的健康并发症。由于这些原因,重要的是研究健康的黑素细胞如何转化为黑色素瘤细胞，它们如何与免疫系统相互作用，他们使用哪些机制来逃避免疫监视，and,最后,它们是如何传播和定殖其他组织的，转移。炎症和氧化应激在几种癌症的发生发展中起重要作用,包括黑色素瘤,但目前尚不清楚在何种条件下它们是有益的还是有害的。迫切需要能够研究黑素细胞转化早期步骤中炎症和氧化应激相关性的模型，因为它们有望通过改善早期发现和新疗法的开发来帮助识别患者的转移前病变。
