PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global impact. However, COVID-19 is just one of several high-impact infectious diseases that emerged from wildlife and are linked to the human relationship with nature. The rate of emergence of new zoonoses (diseases of animal origin) is increasing, driven by human-induced environmental changes that threaten biodiversity on a global scale. This increase is directly linked to environmental drivers including biodiversity loss, climate change and unsustainable resource extraction. Australia is a biodiversity hotspot and is subject to sustained and significant environmental change, increasing the risk of it being a location for pandemic origin. Moreover, the global integration of markets means that consumption trends in Australia contributes to the risk of disease spill-over in our regional neighbours in Asia-Pacific, and beyond. Despite the clear causal link between anthropogenic pressures on the environment and increasing pandemic risks, Australia\'s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, like most of the world, has centred largely on public health strategies, with a clear focus on reactive management. Yet, the span of expertise and evidence relevant to the governance of pandemic risk management is much wider than public health and epidemiology. It involves animal/wildlife health, biosecurity, conservation sciences, social sciences, behavioural psychology, law, policy and economic analyses to name just a few.The authors are a team of multidisciplinary practitioners and researchers who have worked together to analyse, synthesise, and harmonise the links between pandemic risk management approaches and issues in different disciplines to provide a holistic overview of current practice, and conclude the need for reform in Australia. We discuss the adoption of a comprehensive and interdisciplinary \'One Health\' approach to pandemic risk management in Australia. A key goal of the One Health approach is to be proactive in countering threats of emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses through a recognition of the interdependence between human, animal, and environmental health. Developing ways to implement a One Health approach to pandemic prevention would not only reduce the risk of future pandemics emerging in or entering Australia, but also provide a model for prevention strategies around the world.
摘要：
SARS-CoV-2的出现和随后的COVID-19大流行导致了重大的全球影响。然而,COVID-19只是野生动物中出现的几种高影响力传染病之一，与人类与自然的关系有关。新的人畜共患病（动物源性疾病）的出现率正在增加，由人类引起的环境变化驱动，这些变化威胁着全球范围内的生物多样性。这种增加与环境驱动因素直接相关，包括生物多样性的丧失。气候变化和不可持续的资源开采。澳大利亚是生物多样性的热点地区，面临着持续和重大的环境变化，增加了它成为大流行起源地点的风险。此外，全球市场一体化意味着，澳大利亚的消费趋势加剧了我们亚太地区邻国的疾病外溢风险，和超越。尽管对环境造成的人为压力与不断增加的大流行风险之间存在明显的因果关系，澳大利亚对COVID-19大流行的反应，像世界上大多数人一样，主要集中在公共卫生战略上，明确关注被动管理。然而，与大流行风险管理治理相关的专业知识和证据的范围远远超过公共卫生和流行病学。它涉及动物/野生动物的健康，生物安全,保护科学，社会科学,行为心理学，法律，政策和经济分析仅举几例。作者是一个由多学科从业者和研究人员组成的团队，他们共同努力分析，合成，并协调大流行风险管理方法与不同学科问题之间的联系，以提供当前实践的整体概述，并总结出澳大利亚改革的必要性。我们讨论了在澳大利亚采用全面和跨学科的“一种健康”方法来进行大流行风险管理。“一个健康”方法的主要目标是通过认识到人类之间的相互依存性，积极主动地应对新出现的传染病和人畜共患病的威胁，动物,和环境健康。制定实施“一个健康”方法预防大流行的方法，不仅可以降低未来大流行在澳大利亚出现或进入澳大利亚的风险，而且也为世界各地的预防策略提供了模型。
