Abstract：
BACKGROUND: mediastinal cysts are rare lesions developed from mediastinal structures. They may be acquired like thoracic duct cysts or lymphangiomas or congenital like the bronchogenic cysts, enteric cysts or celomic cysts. These cysts are rare and may cause diagnostic challenges.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the major characteristics of these cysts based on a single institution experience.
METHODS: the authors performed a descriptive, retrospective study from January 2009 to March 2020 in a single institution. Cystic lesions taking birth from the mediastinum for which gross features, microscopic features were available were included.
RESULTS: this study contained 52 mediastinal cysts that were completely resected and no patient presented complications after the surgical resection. The bronchogenic cysts were the most frequent and represented 57.69% of all lesions. Thymic cysts and pericardial cysts represented respectively 40.38% and 1.92% of the cases. The positive diagnosis was based on the microscopic exam. The final diagnosis was concordant with the radiologic findings in 15 cases reaching a rate of 28%.
CONCLUSIONS: the diagnosis of mediastinal cysts is based on the microscopic analysis of the cystic wall. Pericardial cysts may be suspected based on their characteristic location in the cardiophrenic angle, thymic cyst may be evoked based on their location in the thymic region and bronchogenic cysts are mainly located in the middle mediastinum. Inspite of these most frequent locations, the cysts may be located in any part of the mediastinum and may be difficult to diagnose when the key diagnostic features are absent.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the major characteristics of these cysts based on a single institution experience.
METHODS: the authors performed a descriptive, retrospective study from January 2009 to March 2020 in a single institution. Cystic lesions taking birth from the mediastinum for which gross features, microscopic features were available were included.
RESULTS: this study contained 52 mediastinal cysts that were completely resected and no patient presented complications after the surgical resection. The bronchogenic cysts were the most frequent and represented 57.69% of all lesions. Thymic cysts and pericardial cysts represented respectively 40.38% and 1.92% of the cases. The positive diagnosis was based on the microscopic exam. The final diagnosis was concordant with the radiologic findings in 15 cases reaching a rate of 28%.
CONCLUSIONS: the diagnosis of mediastinal cysts is based on the microscopic analysis of the cystic wall. Pericardial cysts may be suspected based on their characteristic location in the cardiophrenic angle, thymic cyst may be evoked based on their location in the thymic region and bronchogenic cysts are mainly located in the middle mediastinum. Inspite of these most frequent locations, the cysts may be located in any part of the mediastinum and may be difficult to diagnose when the key diagnostic features are absent.
摘要：
背景：纵隔囊肿是由纵隔结构形成的罕见病变。它们可以像胸导管囊肿或淋巴管瘤一样获得，也可以像支气管囊肿一样先天性获得，肠囊肿或细胞囊肿。这些囊肿是罕见的，可能会引起诊断挑战。
目的：根据单一机构的经验评估这些囊肿的主要特征。
方法：作者进行了描述性的，2009年1月至2020年3月在一家机构进行的回顾性研究。从纵隔出生的囊性病变，其主要特征是，包括可用的微观特征。
结果：本研究包含52个纵隔囊肿，全部切除，手术切除后无患者出现并发症。支气管囊肿最常见，占所有病变的57.69％。胸腺囊肿和心包囊肿分别占病例的40.38％和1.92％。阳性诊断是基于显微镜检查。15例患者的最终诊断与放射学检查结果一致，发生率为28％。
结论：纵隔囊肿的诊断基于囊壁的显微镜分析。心包囊肿可根据其在心膈角的特征性位置而被怀疑。胸腺囊肿可根据其在胸腺区的位置而诱发，支气管囊肿主要位于中纵隔。尽管这些最常见的地方，囊肿可能位于纵隔的任何部位，当缺乏关键诊断特征时，可能难以诊断。
目的：根据单一机构的经验评估这些囊肿的主要特征。
方法：作者进行了描述性的，2009年1月至2020年3月在一家机构进行的回顾性研究。从纵隔出生的囊性病变，其主要特征是，包括可用的微观特征。
结果：本研究包含52个纵隔囊肿，全部切除，手术切除后无患者出现并发症。支气管囊肿最常见，占所有病变的57.69％。胸腺囊肿和心包囊肿分别占病例的40.38％和1.92％。阳性诊断是基于显微镜检查。15例患者的最终诊断与放射学检查结果一致，发生率为28％。
结论：纵隔囊肿的诊断基于囊壁的显微镜分析。心包囊肿可根据其在心膈角的特征性位置而被怀疑。胸腺囊肿可根据其在胸腺区的位置而诱发，支气管囊肿主要位于中纵隔。尽管这些最常见的地方，囊肿可能位于纵隔的任何部位，当缺乏关键诊断特征时，可能难以诊断。
