Abstract：
Respiratory mycosis is a major health concern, due to the expanding population of immunosuppressed and immunocompromised patients and the increasing resistance to conventional antifungals and their undesired side-effects, thus justifying the development of new therapeutic strategies. Plant metabolites, namely essential oils, represent promising preventive/therapeutic strategies due to their widely reported antifungal potential. However, regarding fungal infections of the respiratory tract, information is disperse and no updated compilation on current knowledge is available. Therefore, the present review aims to gather and systematize relevant information on the antifungal effects of several essential oils and volatile compounds against the main type of respiratory mycosis that impact health care systems. Particular attention is paid to Aspergillus fumigatus, the main pathogen involved in aspergillosis, Candida auris, currently emerging as a major pathogen in certain parts of the world, and Cryptococcus neoformans, one of the main pathogens involved in pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, the main mechanisms of action underlying essential oils\' antifungal effects and current limitations in clinical translation are presented. Overall, essential oils rich in phenolic compounds seem to be very effective but clinical translation requires more comprehensive in vivo studies and human trials to assess the efficacy and tolerability of these compounds in respiratory mycosis.
摘要：
呼吸道真菌病是一个主要的健康问题，由于免疫抑制和免疫功能低下的患者群体不断扩大，以及对常规抗真菌药物的耐药性及其不良副作用的增加，从而证明开发新的治疗策略是合理的。植物代谢产物,即精油，由于其广泛报道的抗真菌潜力，代表了有希望的预防/治疗策略。然而,关于呼吸道真菌感染，信息是分散的，没有关于当前知识的更新汇编。因此,本综述旨在收集并系统化有关几种精油和挥发性化合物对影响医疗保健系统的主要呼吸道真菌病的抗真菌作用的相关信息。特别注意烟曲霉，与曲霉病有关的主要病原体，耳念珠菌,目前正在成为世界某些地区的主要病原体，和新生隐球菌，肺隐球菌病的主要病原菌之一。此外，介绍了精油抗真菌作用的主要机制和目前在临床翻译中的局限性。总的来说,富含酚类化合物的精油似乎非常有效，但临床翻译需要更全面的体内研究和人体试验，以评估这些化合物在呼吸道真菌病中的功效和耐受性。
