Abstract：
Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays and microgravity posing the most significant hazards to the health of astronauts. Spaceflight has also been shown to have an impact on established cancer hallmarks, possibly increasing carcinogenic risk. Terrestrially, women have a higher incidence of radiation-induced cancers, largely driven by lung, thyroid, breast, and ovarian cancers, and therefore, historically, they have been permitted to spend significantly less time in space than men. In the present review, we focus on the effects of microgravity and radiation on the female reproductive system, particularly gynecological cancer. The aim is to provide a summary of the research that has been carried out related to the risk of gynecological cancer, highlighting what further studies are needed to pave the way for safer exploration class missions, as well as postflight screening and management of women astronauts following long-duration spaceflight.
摘要：
外层空间是人类生活极为恶劣的环境,来自银河宇宙射线的电离辐射和微重力对宇航员的健康构成了最重大的危害。太空飞行也被证明对既定的癌症标志有影响，可能增加致癌风险。地球上,女性患辐射诱发的癌症的发病率更高，主要由肺驱动，甲状腺，乳房,卵巢癌，因此,历史上,他们被允许在太空中花费的时间比男人少得多。在本次审查中，我们关注微重力和辐射对女性生殖系统的影响，尤其是妇科癌症。目的是提供与妇科癌症风险相关的研究的摘要，强调需要进一步的研究来为更安全的勘探类任务铺平道路，以及长期太空飞行后对女宇航员的飞行后筛查和管理。
