Abstract：
Many mental disorders (MD) share common etiology, fuelling debates about the specificity of clinical categories and whether the presence of specific risk factors (RF) can distinguish among them. The study of developmental language disorder (DLD), more specifically, has been further hindered by a lack of consensus regarding its definition. These limitations increase the risk of under-detection and lifelong consequences for affected children. This paper aims (1) to document which individual RF allow differentiating DLD from other MD and (2) to compare the cumulative RF between children with DLD versus other MD. This case-control design study used medical records of a psychiatric sample of 795 preschoolers (mean age 4:11, 75% boys). A logistic regression measured the predictive value of potential RF on DLD. Later first sentences, maternal immigration and family history of language delay were identified as significant in explaining 30% of the variance for DLD diagnosis. An ANCOVA revealed that children with DLD were exposed to a significantly higher number of RF than were children with other MD. Public health policies informed with the knowledge of specific RF associated with DLD, and their cumulative impact, could improve early detection and reduce the cascade of negative consequences associated with DLD.
摘要：
许多精神障碍（MD）具有共同的病因，关于临床类别的特异性以及特定危险因素（RF）的存在是否可以区分它们的争论。发育性语言障碍（DLD）的研究，更具体地说,由于对其定义缺乏共识而受到进一步阻碍。这些限制增加了对受影响儿童的未被发现和终身后果的风险。本文旨在（1）记录哪些单个RF允许将DLD与其他MD区分开，以及（2）比较患有DLD的儿童与其他MD的儿童之间的累积RF。这项病例对照设计研究使用了795名学龄前儿童（平均年龄4：11，男孩75％）的精神病样本的病历。逻辑回归测量潜在RF对DLD的预测值。后来的第一句话，孕产妇移民和语言延迟家族史在解释DLD诊断差异的30%方面具有显著意义.ANCOVA显示，患有DLD的儿童暴露于RF的数量明显高于其他MD的儿童。了解与DLD相关的特定RF知识的公共卫生政策，以及它们的累积影响，可以改善早期检测并减少与DLD相关的负面后果级联。
