Abstract：
The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel technique used in both adult and pediatric patients. Its use in children has mostly been described in terms of perioperative pain management for various types of surgery. After its introduction, anesthesiologists began using ESPBs in various surgical settings. As adequate analgesia along with a low complication rate were reported, interest in this technique dramatically increased. Many studies in adults and children, including randomized controlled trials, have been published, resulting in the emergence of different clinical indications, with various technical and pharmacological approaches currently evident in the literature. This narrative review aims to analyze the current evidence in order to guide practitioners towards a more homogeneous approach to ESPBs in children, with a major focus on clinical applications. The ESPB is an efficient, safe, and relatively easy technique to administer. It can be applied in a wide range of surgeries, includes thoracic, abdominal, hip, and femur surgery. Its usefulness is evident in the context of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and multimodal analgesia. Single-shot, intermittent bolus, and continuous infusion techniques have been described, and non-inferiority has been observed when compared with other locoregional techniques. Even though both the efficacy and safety of the procedure are widely accepted, current evidence is predominantly based on case reports, with very few well-designed observational studies. Consequently, the level of evidence is still poor, and more well-designed double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to refine the procedure for different clinical applications in the pediatric population.
摘要：
竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）是一种用于成人和儿科患者的新技术。它在儿童中的使用主要是根据各种类型手术的围手术期疼痛管理来描述的。在介绍之后,麻醉医师开始在各种手术环境中使用ESPBs.据报道，镇痛充分，并发症发生率低，对这项技术的兴趣急剧增加。对成人和儿童的许多研究，包括随机对照试验,已经出版了,导致出现不同的临床适应症，目前在文献中很明显的各种技术和药理学方法。这篇叙述性综述旨在分析当前的证据，以指导从业者对儿童的ESPB采取更同质的方法，主要关注临床应用。ESPB是一种高效的，安全,和相对容易管理的技术。它可以应用于广泛的手术，包括胸廓，腹部，臀部,股骨手术.在增强手术后恢复方案和多模式镇痛的背景下，它的有用性很明显。单发,间歇性推注,和连续输液技术已经被描述，与其他局部技术相比，已经观察到非劣效性。尽管该方法的有效性和安全性都被广泛接受，目前的证据主要基于病例报告，很少有精心设计的观察研究。因此,证据水平仍然很差，和更精心设计的双盲，随机化，需要安慰剂对照试验来完善儿科人群不同临床应用的程序.
