Abstract：
To provide a comprehensive overview on the evaluation and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) using evidence from literature.
Evidence indicates efficacy for some non-pharmacological techniques including education of caregivers and cognitive stimulation therapy and pharmacological agents like antidepressant and antipsychotics for the management of BPSD. The use of antipsychotics has generated controversy due to the recognition of their serious adverse effect profile including the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death. BPSD is associated with worsening of cognition and function among individuals with dementia, greater caregiver burden, more frequent institutionalization, overall poorer quality of life, and greater cost of caring for these individuals. Future management strategies for BPSD should include the use of technology for the provision of non-pharmacological interventions and the judicious use of cannabinoids and interventional procedures like ECT for the management of refractory symptoms.
Evidence indicates efficacy for some non-pharmacological techniques including education of caregivers and cognitive stimulation therapy and pharmacological agents like antidepressant and antipsychotics for the management of BPSD. The use of antipsychotics has generated controversy due to the recognition of their serious adverse effect profile including the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death. BPSD is associated with worsening of cognition and function among individuals with dementia, greater caregiver burden, more frequent institutionalization, overall poorer quality of life, and greater cost of caring for these individuals. Future management strategies for BPSD should include the use of technology for the provision of non-pharmacological interventions and the judicious use of cannabinoids and interventional procedures like ECT for the management of refractory symptoms.
摘要：
使用文献证据，对痴呆的行为和心理症状（BPSD）的评估和管理进行全面概述。
证据表明，一些非药物技术的有效性，包括护理人员的教育和认知刺激疗法以及诸如抗抑郁药和抗精神病药之类的药物治疗BPSD。由于认识到抗精神病药的严重不良反应包括脑血管不良事件和死亡的风险，抗精神病药的使用引起了争议。BPSD与痴呆症患者的认知和功能恶化有关，更大的照顾者负担，更频繁的制度化，整体生活质量较差，以及照顾这些人的更大成本。BPSD的未来管理策略应包括使用提供非药物干预措施的技术，以及明智地使用大麻素和ECT等干预措施来管理难治性症状。
证据表明，一些非药物技术的有效性，包括护理人员的教育和认知刺激疗法以及诸如抗抑郁药和抗精神病药之类的药物治疗BPSD。由于认识到抗精神病药的严重不良反应包括脑血管不良事件和死亡的风险，抗精神病药的使用引起了争议。BPSD与痴呆症患者的认知和功能恶化有关，更大的照顾者负担，更频繁的制度化，整体生活质量较差，以及照顾这些人的更大成本。BPSD的未来管理策略应包括使用提供非药物干预措施的技术，以及明智地使用大麻素和ECT等干预措施来管理难治性症状。
