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Abstract：
Swiss needle cast (SNC), caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, is a foliage disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), that reduces growth in native stands and exotic plantations worldwide. An outbreak of SNC began in coastal Oregon in the mid-1990s and has persisted since that time. Here we review the current state of knowledge after 24 years of research and monitoring, with a focus on Oregon, although the disease is significant in coastal Washington and has recently emerged in southwestern British Columbia. We present new insights into SNC distribution, landscape patterns, disease epidemiology and ecology, host-pathogen interactions, trophic and hydrologic influences, and the challenges of Douglas-fir plantation management in the presence of the disease. In Oregon, the SNC outbreak has remained geographically contained but has intensified. Finally, we consider the implications of climate change and other recently emerged foliage diseases on the future of Douglas-fir plantation management.
摘要：
瑞士针铸造（SNC），由Nothophaeocryptopusgaumannii引起，是道格拉斯冷杉（Pseudotsugamenziesii）的叶子病，这降低了全球本地林分和外来种植园的生长。SNC的爆发始于1990年代中期在俄勒冈州沿海地区，自那时以来一直持续。在这里，我们回顾了24年的研究和监测后的知识现状，专注于俄勒冈州，尽管这种疾病在华盛顿沿海地区很严重，最近在不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部出现。我们提出了对SNC分布的新见解，景观模式，疾病流行病学和生态学，宿主-病原体相互作用，营养和水文影响，以及在该疾病存在下道格拉斯冷杉人工林管理的挑战。在俄勒冈,SNC疫情在地理上仍受到控制，但愈演愈烈。最后,我们考虑了气候变化和其他最近出现的叶子疾病对道格拉斯冷杉人工林管理的未来的影响。
