Abstract：
One of the most salient features of life is its capacity to handle novelty and namely to thrive and adapt to new circumstances and changes in both the environment and internal components. An understanding of this capacity is central to several fields: the evolution of form and function, the design of effective strategies for biomedicine, and the creation of novel life forms via chimeric and bioengineering technologies. Here, we review instructive examples of living organisms solving diverse problems and propose competent navigation in arbitrary spaces as an invariant for thinking about the scaling of cognition during evolution. We argue that our innate capacity to recognize agency and intelligence in unfamiliar guises lags far behind our ability to detect it in familiar behavioral contexts. The multi-scale competency of life is essential to adaptive function, potentiating evolution and providing strategies for top-down control (not micromanagement) to address complex disease and injury. We propose an observer-focused viewpoint that is agnostic about scale and implementation, illustrating how evolution pivoted similar strategies to explore and exploit metabolic, transcriptional, morphological, and finally 3D motion spaces. By generalizing the concept of behavior, we gain novel perspectives on evolution, strategies for system-level biomedical interventions, and the construction of bioengineered intelligences. This framework is a first step toward relating to intelligence in highly unfamiliar embodiments, which will be essential for progress in artificial intelligence and regenerative medicine and for thriving in a world increasingly populated by synthetic, bio-robotic, and hybrid beings.
摘要：
生活最显著的特征之一是它处理新奇事物的能力，即茁壮成长和适应新环境和环境和内部组成部分的变化。对这种能力的理解是几个领域的核心：形式和功能的演变，设计有效的生物医学策略，以及通过嵌合和生物工程技术创造新的生命形式。这里,我们回顾了解决各种问题的生物的指导性例子，并提出了在任意空间中进行有能力的导航，作为思考进化过程中认知缩放的不变量。我们认为，我们以陌生的身份识别代理和智力的先天能力远远落后于我们在熟悉的行为环境中检测它的能力。生活的多尺度能力对适应功能至关重要，加强进化并提供自上而下控制（而不是微观管理）的策略，以解决复杂的疾病和伤害。我们提出了一个以观察者为中心的观点，这个观点对规模和实施是不可知的，说明进化是如何通过类似的策略来探索和利用新陈代谢的，转录，形态学,最后是3D运动空间。通过推广行为的概念，我们获得了关于进化的新观点，系统级生物医学干预策略，以及生物工程智能的构建。这个框架是在高度陌生的实施例中与智能相关的第一步，这对于人工智能和再生医学的进步以及在越来越多的合成人口的世界中的繁荣发展至关重要，生物机器人，和杂交生物。
