Abstract：
The human gut microbiome interacts with each other and the host, which has significant effects on health and disease development. Intestinal homeostasis and inflammation are maintained by the dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Numerous metabolic products produced by the gut microbiota play a role in mediating cross-talk between gut epithelial and immune cells. In the event of an imbalance between the immune system and microbiota, the body becomes susceptible to infections and homeostasis is compromised. This review mainly focuses on the interplay between microbes and the immune system, such as T-cell- and B-cell-mediated adaptive responses to microbiota and signalling pathways for effective communication between the two. We have also highlighted the role of microbes in the activation of the immune response, the development of memory cells and how the immune system determines the diversity of human gut microbiota. The review also explains the relationship of commensal microbiota and their relation to the production of immunoglobulins.
摘要：
人类肠道微生物组彼此相互作用，与宿主相互作用，对健康和疾病发展有重大影响。肠道内稳态和炎症通过肠道微生物群与先天和适应性免疫系统之间的动态相互作用来维持。肠道微生物群产生的许多代谢产物在介导肠道上皮细胞和免疫细胞之间的串扰中起作用。如果免疫系统和微生物群之间不平衡，身体变得容易受到感染和稳态受损。这篇综述主要集中在微生物和免疫系统之间的相互作用，例如T细胞和B细胞介导的对微生物群的适应性反应和信号通路，以实现两者之间的有效沟通。我们还强调了微生物在激活免疫反应中的作用，记忆细胞的发育以及免疫系统如何决定人类肠道微生物群的多样性。该综述还解释了共生微生物群的关系及其与免疫球蛋白产生的关系。
