Abstract：
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV), are pathogens of global importance. Therefore, there has been an increasing need for new drugs for the treatment of these viral infections. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) obtained from animal venoms stand out as promising compounds because they exhibit strong antiviral activity against emerging arboviral pathogens. Thus, we systematically searched and critically analyzed in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated the anti-arbovirus effect of peptide derivatives from toxins produced by vertebrates and invertebrates. Thirteen studies that evaluated the antiviral action of 10 peptides against arboviruses were included in this review. The peptides were derived from the venom of scorpions, spiders, wasps, snakes, sea snails, and frogs and were tested against DENV, ZIKV, YFV, WNV, and CHIKV. Despite the high structural variety of the peptides included in this study, their antiviral activity appears to be associated with the presence of positive charges, an excess of basic amino acids (mainly lysine), and a high isoelectric point (above 8). These peptides use different antiviral mechanisms, the most common of which is the inhibition of viral replication, release, entry, or fusion. Moreover, peptides with virucidal and cytoprotective (pre-treatment) effects were also identified. In conclusion, animal-venom-derived peptides stand out as a promising alternative in the search and development of prototype antivirals against arboviruses.
摘要：
节肢动物传播的病毒（虫媒病毒），例如寨卡病毒（ZIKV），基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV),登革热病毒（DENV），黄热病毒(YFV),西尼罗河病毒(WNV)是具有全球重要性的病原体。因此,对于治疗这些病毒感染的新药的需求日益增加。在这种情况下，从动物毒液中获得的抗菌肽（AMP）是有前途的化合物，因为它们对新兴的虫媒病毒病原体表现出强大的抗病毒活性。因此，我们系统地搜索并严格分析了体外和体内研究，这些研究评估了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物产生的毒素的肽衍生物的抗虫媒病毒作用。本综述包括评估10种肽对虫媒病毒的抗病毒作用的13项研究。这些肽来自蝎子的毒液，蜘蛛,黄蜂,蛇,海蜗牛,和青蛙，对DENV进行了测试，ZIKV,YFV,WNV,还有CHIKV.尽管本研究中包含的肽的结构多样性很高，它们的抗病毒活性似乎与正电荷的存在有关，过量的碱性氨基酸（主要是赖氨酸），和高等电点(高于8)。这些肽使用不同的抗病毒机制，其中最常见的是抑制病毒复制，释放,条目，或融合。此外，还鉴定了具有杀病毒和细胞保护（预处理）作用的肽。总之,动物毒液衍生的肽在寻找和开发抗虫媒病毒的原型抗病毒药物中脱颖而出。
