Abstract：
The strength of an association between a cue and its outcome is influenced by both the probability of the outcome given the cue and the probability of the outcome in the absence of the cue. Once an association has been formed, extinction is the procedure for reducing responding indicative of the association by repeated presentation of the cue without the outcome. The present experiments tested whether cumulative frequency and/or cumulative duration of these events affects associative extinction in a streamed trial extinction procedure with human participants. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of parametric manipulations of the frequency and duration of either the cue by itself or cue-outcome co-absence. In Experiment 1, participants proved relatively insensitive to manipulation of the event\'s duration. In contrast, judgements of the association by participants decreased when the frequency of cue-alone events was increased, even when the durations of those events were decreased so that cumulative exposure to the cue was equated. No effect of either the duration or the frequency of cue-outcome co-absence was observed. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the effect of cue-alone (i.e., extinction trial) frequency generalises across a wide range of parameters for initial acquisition achieved by cue-outcome pairings. Experiment 3 tested for an interaction between event duration during initial learning and event duration during extinction. Collectively, these results indicate that the cumulative frequency, and not the cumulative duration, of extinction trials as well as the duration of the cue-outcome co-absences between extinction trials control the effectiveness of an extinction procedure.
摘要：
提示与其结果之间的关联强度受给定提示的结果概率和不存在提示的结果概率的影响。一旦协会成立，消光是通过重复呈现没有结果的提示来减少指示关联的响应的过程。本实验测试了这些事件的累积频率和/或累积持续时间是否会影响人类参与者的流式试验灭绝程序中的联想灭绝。实验1评估了参数操作对提示本身或提示结果共同缺失的频率和持续时间的影响。在实验1中，参与者被证明对事件持续时间的操纵相对不敏感。相比之下,当单独提示事件的频率增加时，参与者对关联的判断降低，即使这些事件的持续时间减少，因此提示的累积暴露量也相等。没有观察到提示-结果共同缺失的持续时间或频率的影响。实验2证明了单独提示的效果(即，消光试验）频率在通过提示-结果配对实现的初始采集的各种参数上进行推广。实验3测试了初始学习期间的事件持续时间与灭绝期间的事件持续时间之间的相互作用。总的来说，这些结果表明，累积频率，而不是累计持续时间，灭绝试验的数量以及灭绝试验之间的提示-结果共同缺失的持续时间控制了灭绝程序的有效性。
