Abstract：
We assessed blood pressure (BP) changes during fiscal years (April to March of the following year) 2015-2020 to clarify the effect of the state of emergency due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. We then considered BP in 2019 separately, as the Japanese hypertension guidelines were updated in 2019. The present retrospective cohort study extracted data from 157,510 Japanese individuals aged <75 years (mean age: 50.3 years, men: 67.5%) from the annual health check-up data of the DeSC database. The trends in BP were assessed using a repeated measures linear mixed model. After adjusting for the month of health check-ups to exclude seasonal BP variation, systolic BP linearly increased during fiscal years 2015-2018. From the value estimated by the trend in 2015-2018, systolic BP was lower by ≤1 mmHg in fiscal year 2019 among the treated participants. Meanwhile, systolic/diastolic BP (95% confidence interval) increased by 2.11 (1.97-2.24)/1.05 (0.96-1.14) mmHg for untreated women (n = 43,292), 1.60 (1.51-1.70)/1.17 (1.11-1.24) mmHg for untreated men (n = 88,479), 1.92 (1.60-2.23)/0.46 (0.25-0.67) mmHg for treated women (n = 7855), and 1.00 (0.79-1.21)/0.39 (0.25-0.53) mmHg for treated men (n = 17,884) in fiscal year 2020. These increases remained time-dependent covariates after adjustments for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and blood sampling indices. Social change due to the pandemic might have increased BP by approximately 1-2/0.5-1 mmHg. Meanwhile, only a slight decrease in BP was observed immediately after the guideline update in Japan.
摘要：
我们评估了2015-2020财政年度（4月至次年3月）的血压（BP）变化，以阐明2020年冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）大流行造成的紧急状态的影响。然后我们在2019年单独考虑了BP，随着日本高血压指南在2019年更新.本回顾性队列研究从157,510名年龄<75岁的日本人（平均年龄：50.3岁，男性：67.5%）来自DeSC数据库的年度健康检查数据。使用重复测量线性混合模型评估BP的趋势。在调整健康检查月份以排除季节性BP变化后，收缩压在2015-2018财年呈线性增长。根据2015-2018年趋势估计的值，接受治疗的参与者在2019财年收缩压降低≤1mmHg。同时,未经治疗的女性（n=43,292）的收缩压/舒张压血压（95％置信区间）增加了2.11（1.97-2.24）/1.05（0.96-1.14）mmHg，未经治疗的男性为1.60（1.51-1.70）/1.17（1.11-1.24）mmHg（n=88,479），1.92（1.60-2.23）/0.46（0.25-0.67）mmHg治疗妇女（n=7855），2020财年接受治疗的男性（n=17,884）为1.00（0.79-1.21）/0.39（0.25-0.53）mmHg。在调整年龄后，这些增加仍然是时间依赖性协变量，身体质量指数,酒精消费,吸烟,身体活动,和血液采样指标。大流行引起的社会变革可能使血压增加约1-2/0.5-1mmHg。同时,在日本,指南更新后,仅观察到BP立即有轻微下降.
