Abstract：
Fifteen cyclic, multiparous goats were equally stratified and received the common Ovsynch protocol (GPG: intramuscular, IM, injection of 50 mg gonadorelin, followed by an IM injection of 125 µg cloprostenol 7 days later, and a further IM injection of 50 mg gonadorelin 2 days later) or the Ovsynch protocol using nanofabricated hormones with the same dosages (NGPG) or half dosages (HNGPG) of each hormone. The ovarian structures and ovarian and luteal artery hemodynamic indices after each injection of the Ovsynch protocol using B-mode, color, and spectral Doppler scanning were monitored. Levels of blood serum progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. After the first gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection, the number of large follicles decreased (p = 0.02) in NGPG and HNGPG, compared with GPG. HNGPG resulted in larger corpus luteum (CL) diameters (p = 0.001), and improved ovarian and luteal blood flow, compared with GPG and NGPG. Both NGPG and HNGPG significantly increased E2 and NO levels compared with GPG. HNGPG increased (p < 0.001) P4 levels compared with GPG, whereas NGPG resulted in an intermediate value. After prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injection, HNGPG had the largest diameter of CLs (p = 0.001) and significantly improved ovarian blood flow compared with GPG and NGPG. Both NGPG and HNGPG increased (p = 0.007) NO levels, compared with GPG. E2 level was increased (p = 0.028) in HNGPG, compared with GPG, whereas NGPG resulted in an intermediate value. During the follicular phase, HNGPG increased (p = 0.043) the number of medium follicles, shortened (p = 0.04) the interval to ovulation, and increased (p < 0.001) ovarian artery blood flow and levels (p < 0.001) of blood serum P4, E2, and NO, compared with GPG and NGPG. During the luteal phase, the numbers of CLs were similar among different experimental groups, whereas the diameter of CLs, luteal blood flow, and levels of blood serum P4 and NO increased (p < 0.001) in HNGPG, compared with GPG and NGPG. Conclusively, the nanodelivery system for the Ovsynch protocol could be recommended as a new strategy for improving estrous synchronization outcomes of goats while enabling lower hormone dose administration.
摘要：
十五周期，多胎山羊同样分层，并接受常见的Ovsynch方案(GPG：肌内，IM,注射50毫克的促性腺激素，7天后注射125微克氯前列醇，和2天后进一步IM注射50mg促性腺激素）或使用纳米加工激素的Ovsynch方案，每种激素的剂量相同（NGPG）或剂量一半（HNGPG）。使用B模式每次注射Ovsynch方案后的卵巢结构以及卵巢和黄动脉血流动力学指标，颜色,和频谱多普勒扫描进行监测。血清孕酮（P4）水平，雌二醇（E2），并测定一氧化氮(NO)。第一次注射促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）后，NGPG和HNGPG的大卵泡数量减少（p=0.02），与GPG相比。HNGPG导致更大的黄体（CL）直径（p=0.001），改善卵巢和黄体血流量，与GPG和NGPG相比。与GPG相比，NGPG和HNGPG均显着增加E2和NO水平。与GPG相比，HNGPG增加（p<0.001）P4水平，而NGPG导致中间值。前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）注射后，与GPG和NGPG相比，HNGPG具有最大的CLs直径（p=0.001），并且显着改善了卵巢血流。NGPG和HNGPG均增加（p=0.007）NO水平，与GPG相比。E2水平在HNGPG中升高(p=0.028),与GPG相比，而NGPG导致中间值。在卵泡期,HNGPG增加了（p=0.043）中等卵泡的数量，缩短（p=0.04）排卵间隔，并增加（p<0.001）卵巢动脉血流和血清P4，E2和NO的水平（p<0.001），与GPG和NGPG相比。在黄体期,不同实验组的CLs数量相似，而CL的直径，黄体血流,HNGPG中血清P4和NO水平升高（p<0.001），与GPG和NGPG相比。最后，Ovsynch方案的纳米递送系统可被推荐作为改善山羊发情期同步结局的新策略,同时实现较低的激素剂量给药.
