Abstract：
This research was conducted to compare the soil characteristics and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density from different types of pastures. To this purpose, four different areas were selected including an artificial pasture (AP), a fertilized artificial pasture (FAP), a natural pasture (NP), and a fertilized natural pasture (FNP). From the spring period of 2008, urea has been used as a fertilizer at an annual rate of 5 kg/da. Different numbers of AMF spores were found in all soil samples taken from the artificial and natural pastures. The average numbers of AMF spores in 50 g of soil from the AP, the FAP, the NP, and the FNP were determined as 266.9, 125.3, 117.0, and 59.6, respectively. Both the number of AMF spores and the number of species were found to be lower in the fertilized pastures, and consequently, it was concluded that the urea fertilizer had reduced the number of AMF spores and species. Spores were identified according to their morphological characteristics. In all pastures, the study identified 25 different AMF species belonging to 11 genera from 7 families. Rhizoglomus aggregatum was classified as the dominant species in FNP soils. Acaulospora dilatata, A. laevis, Dentiscutata heterogama, Diversispora eburnea, Gigaspora albida, G. margarita, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, C. lamellosum, Funneliformis caledonium, Glomus hoi, Rhizoglomus clarum, R. irregulare, Sclerocystis sinuosa, and Ambispora gerdemannii were classified as rare species in all pastures. This study demonstrated a negative correlation between the AMF spore density and the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available potassium.
摘要：
进行这项研究是为了比较不同类型牧场的土壤特性和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）孢子密度。为此,选择了四个不同的区域，包括人工牧场(AP)，施肥的人工牧场(FAP)，天然牧场（NP），和施肥的天然牧场（FNP）。从2008年春季开始，尿素以每年5kg/da的速度用作肥料。在从人工和天然牧场采集的所有土壤样品中发现了不同数量的AMF孢子。来自AP的50克土壤中AMF孢子的平均数量，FAP,NP,FNP分别为266.9、125.3、117.0和59.6。在施肥的牧场中，AMF孢子的数量和物种的数量都较低，因此，结论是，尿素肥料减少了AMF孢子的数量和种类。根据其形态特征鉴定孢子。在所有的牧场,该研究确定了25种不同的AMF物种，属于7科的11属。聚集根瘤菌被归类为FNP土壤中的优势种。Acaulosporadilatata,A.莱维斯，牙本质，Diversisporaeburnea,Gigasporaalbida,G.玛格丽塔,Claroideoglomusetunicatum,C.薄片，漏斗形物caledonium,Glomushoi,根瘤菌,R.不规则的，窦性巩膜,和Ambisporagerdemannii被列为所有牧场中的稀有物种。这项研究表明，AMF孢子密度与土壤有机碳呈负相关，总氮,和可用的钾。
