Abstract：
Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel\'s Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.
摘要：
鉴于染发在世界范围内的普及，迫切需要了解与接触染发剂配方中发现的化学物质相关的毒性和风险。毛发染料在其化学组成和成分方面被分类为氧化性和非氧化性。几十年来,专家小组的化妆品成分审查（CIR）已经评估了许多用于染发剂的化学品的安全性；然而，没有记录对染发剂成分和染发风险的全面审查。在这里，我们回顾了氧化性和非氧化性染发剂中各种化学物质的安全性，与染发相关的毒性，和染发相关的致癌风险。虽然许多化合物在染发剂中的浓度下被认为对使用者是安全的，关于大量染发剂配方的数据相互矛盾。TheCIR专家小组已经批准了许多用于染发剂的着色成分，并禁止了一系列对动物致癌且不安全的化学物质。使用这些化学品作为生产染发剂的原料可能导致合成具有潜在毒性的其他污染物并增加致癌风险。个人或职业染发是否会增加患癌症的风险是一个悬而未决的问题;然而，在特定的亚群中，据报道，染发剂的使用与癌症的发生呈正相关。为了解决这个问题，需要更好地了解染发剂混合物和单个染发剂成分的报告毒性的化学和机理基础。预计利用现代和新兴技术进行深入的化学和系统毒理学研究可以在未来阐明这一公共卫生问题。
