Abstract：
Fortunately, fatal accidents while high-altitude mountaineering have decreased in recent years, but the number of emergencies has increased. These nonfatal emergencies might represent situations where alpinists are stranded (emergencies in which alpinists are no longer able to continue their tour on their own because of, for example, exhaustion, equipment problems, or weather). We analyzed 4596 cases of high-altitude-mountaineering emergencies in the period 2009 to 2020 from the SAC (Swiss Alpine Club) emergency registry. In total, 1951 cases (41.6%) were due to being stranded, 1348 cases were due to falls (28.7%), and 352 cases were due to illness (7.5%); these were the three most common classes. In cases of being stranded, 90% of alpinists were uninjured or not seriously injured. In addition, we found only eight fatal cases. More than 50% of cases occurred while ascending a summit above 4000 m. The main causes of becoming stranded were exhaustion and weather changes. These findings suggest that alpinists contact rescue organizations before experiencing serious troubles; these situations thus present risks and dangers both to those stranded and to emergency services. Since exhaustion and weather changes are the two main causes, adequate preparation and tour planning may help prevent such emergencies.
摘要：
幸运的是,近年来，高海拔登山的致命事故有所减少，但是紧急情况的数量有所增加。这些非致命的紧急情况可能代表登山者被困的情况（紧急情况下，登山者不再能够继续自己的旅行，因为，例如,疲惫,设备问题,或天气）。我们从SAC（瑞士高山俱乐部）紧急情况登记处分析了2009年至2020年期间的4596例高海拔登山紧急情况。总的来说,1951例（41.6％）是由于滞留，1348例因跌倒(28.7%),352例因疾病(7.5%)；这是三个最常见的类别。在被困的情况下，90％的登山者未受伤或受伤不严重。此外,我们只发现了8例致命病例.超过50％的病例发生在海拔4000m以上时。搁浅的主要原因是疲惫和天气变化。这些发现表明，登山者在遇到严重麻烦之前会与救援组织联系；因此，这些情况对滞留者和紧急服务都构成了风险和危险。由于疲惫和天气变化是两个主要原因，充分的准备和旅游计划可能有助于防止这种紧急情况。
