Abstract：
In Europe, amatoxin-containing mushrooms are responsible for most of the deadly poisonings caused by macrofungi. The present work presents a multidisciplinary revision of the European species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae based on morphology, phylogeny, epidemiology, and biochemistry of amatoxins and phallotoxins. Five distinct species of this section have been identified in Europe to date: A. phalloides, A. virosa, A. verna, the recently introduced North American species A. amerivirosa, and A. vidua sp. nov., which is a new name proposed for the KOH-negative Mediterranean species previously described as A. verna or A. decipiens by various authors. Epitypes or neotypes are selected for species lacking suitable reference collections, namely A. verna and A. virosa. Three additional taxa, Amanita decipiens, A. porrinensis, and A. virosa var. levipes are here considered later heterotypic synonyms of A. verna, A. phalloides, and A. amerivirosa, respectively.
摘要：
在欧洲,含有amatoxin的蘑菇是由大型真菌引起的大多数致命中毒的原因。目前的工作提出了对欧洲天牛教派物种的多学科修订。根据形态学，系统发育,流行病学,和阿马毒素和同种异体毒素的生物化学。迄今为止，在欧洲已经确定了本节的五个不同物种：A.phalloides，A.virosa,A.Verna,最近引入的北美物种A.amerivirosa，和A.viduasp.11月。,这是为KOH阴性地中海物种提出的新名称，以前被各种作者称为A.verna或A.decipiens。选择缺乏合适参考集合的物种的特征类型或新类型，即A.verna和A.virosa。三个额外的分类单元，Abanitadecipiens,A.porrinensis，和A.virosavar。在这里，levipes被认为是后来的A.verna的异型同义词，A.phalloides,A.amerivirosa,分别。
