METHODS: E-liquids with varying nicotine content and flavors were aerosolized through growth media and exposed to human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and human monocyte-macrophage cell line (THP-1) in vitro. Cytotoxicity in response to e-cigarette aerosols was measured by MTT assay in BEAS-2B cells and inflammatory response was measured by TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 released from THP-1 cells. In addition, the oxidative stress marker, REDD1, and impact on phagocytosis, was assessed following exposure of BEAS-2B and THP-1 derived macrophages, respectively. Cigarette smoke extract was used as a positive control with known cytotoxicity and impairment of inflammatory response.
RESULTS: E-cigarette aerosols induced moderate cellular toxicity in bronchial epithelial cells. Our data also show that low nicotine levels are less damaging to the bronchial epithelial cells, and flavors in e-liquids influence the combined inflammatory response markers, phagocytosis, and REDD1 when examined in vitro.
CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro bioassays can be utilized to effectively measure flavor and nicotine-induced effects of e-cigarettes on combined inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in human macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells, respectively.
方法:通过生长培养基雾化具有不同尼古丁含量和风味的电子液体,并暴露于人支气管上皮细胞系(BEAS-2B)和人单核细胞-巨噬细胞系(THP-1)体外。通过MTT测定法在BEAS-2B细胞中测量对电子烟气溶胶的细胞毒性,并通过TNF-α测量炎症反应,IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1从THP-1细胞释放。此外,氧化应激标志物,REDD1和对吞噬作用的影响,在暴露BEAS-2B和THP-1衍生的巨噬细胞后进行评估,分别。香烟烟雾提取物用作具有已知细胞毒性和炎症反应损害的阳性对照。
结果:电子烟气雾剂在支气管上皮细胞中诱导中度细胞毒性。我们的数据还表明,低尼古丁水平对支气管上皮细胞的损害较小,电子液体中的风味会影响联合的炎症反应标记,吞噬作用,和REDD1在体外检查时。
结论:我们的体外生物测定可用于有效测量电子烟对人巨噬细胞和人支气管上皮细胞的联合炎症反应和细胞毒性的风味和尼古丁诱导的影响,分别。