Abstract：
We summarize here the progress in identifying the neuronal network as well as the function of paradoxical sleep and the gaps of knowledge that should be filled in priority. The core system generating paradoxical sleep localized in the brainstem is now well identified, and the next step is to clarify the role of the forebrain in particular that of the hypothalamus including the melanin-concentrating hormone neurons and of the basolateral amygdala. We discuss these two options, and also the discovery that cortical activation during paradoxical sleep is restricted to a few limbic cortices activated by the lateral supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Such activation nicely supports the findings recently obtained showing that neuronal reactivation occurs during paradoxical sleep in these structures, and induces both memory consolidation of important memory and forgetting of less relevant ones. The question that still remains to be answered is whether paradoxical sleep is playing more crucial roles in processing emotional and procedural than other types of memories. One attractive hypothesis is that paradoxical sleep is responsible for erasing negative emotional memories, and that this function is not properly functioning in depressed patients. On the other hand, the presence of a muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep is in favour of a role in procedural memory as new types of motor behaviours can be tried without harm during the state. In a way, it also fits with the proposed role of paradoxical sleep in setting up the sensorimotor system during development.
摘要：
我们在这里总结了识别神经元网络的进展以及矛盾睡眠的功能以及应优先填补的知识空白。现在已经很好地确定了在脑干产生矛盾睡眠的核心系统，下一步是阐明前脑的作用，特别是下丘脑，包括黑色素浓缩激素神经元和基底外侧杏仁核的作用。我们讨论这两种选择，还发现，矛盾睡眠期间的皮质激活仅限于由外侧哺乳动物上核和锁骨激活的一些边缘皮质。这种激活很好地支持了最近获得的发现，这些发现表明神经元再激活发生在这些结构的矛盾睡眠期间，并诱导重要记忆的记忆巩固和不太相关记忆的遗忘。还有待回答的问题是，矛盾的睡眠在处理情绪和程序方面是否比其他类型的记忆发挥着更重要的作用。一个有吸引力的假设是矛盾的睡眠负责消除负面的情绪记忆，这种功能在抑郁症患者中不能正常工作。另一方面,在矛盾的睡眠中，肌肉过度的存在有利于在程序记忆中发挥作用，因为在这种状态下，可以尝试新类型的运动行为而不会受到伤害。在某种程度上,它也符合反常睡眠在发育过程中建立感觉运动系统的作用。
