Abstract：
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements in the genome and broadly distributed across both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and play an important role in shaping the genome evolution of their hosts. hAT elements are thought to be the most widespread cut-and-paste DNA transposon found throughout the tree of life. Buster is a recently recognized family of hAT. However, the evolutionary profile of the Buster family, such as its taxonomic distribution, evolutionary pattern, and activities, remains largely unknown. We conducted a systematic analysis of the evolutionary landscape of the Buster family and found that most Buster transposons are 1.72-4.66 kilobases (kb) in length, encode 500-736-amino acid (aa) transposases and are flanked by short (10-18 bp) terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and 8 bp target site duplications (TSDs). Buster family is widely distributed in 609 species, involving eight classes of invertebrates and most lineage of vertebrates (including mammals). Horizontal transfer events were detected across multiple phyla and classes of animals, which may have contributed to their wide distribution, and both parasites and invasive species may facilitate HT events of Buster in vertebrates. Our data also suggest that Buster transposons are young, highly active, and appear as intact copies in multiple lineages of animals. High percentages of intact copies (>30%) were identified in some Arthropoda, Actinopterygii, Agnatha, and reptile species, and some of these may be active. These data will help increase understanding of the evolution of the hAT superfamily and its impact on eukaryotic genome evolution.
摘要：
转座因子（TEs）是基因组中的移动遗传元件，广泛分布在原核生物和真核生物中，并在塑造宿主的基因组进化中发挥重要作用。hAT元素被认为是在整个生命树中发现的最广泛的切割和粘贴DNA转座子。巴斯特是最近公认的hat家族。然而,巴斯特家族的进化概况，比如它的分类学分布，进化模式，和活动,仍然很大程度上未知。我们对Buster家族的进化格局进行了系统分析，发现大多数Buster转座子的长度为1.72-4.66千碱基（kb），编码500-736-氨基酸（aa）转座酶，侧翼为短（10-18bp）末端反向重复（TIR）和8bp靶位点重复（TSD）。巴斯特家族广泛分布于609种,涉及八类无脊椎动物和大多数脊椎动物（包括哺乳动物）。在多个门和动物类别中检测到水平转移事件，这可能有助于它们的广泛分布，寄生虫和入侵物种都可能促进脊椎动物中巴斯特的HT事件。我们的数据还表明巴斯特转座子是年轻的，高度活跃,并在多个动物谱系中以完整副本的形式出现。在一些节肢动物中发现了高百分比的完整拷贝（>30％），Actinopterygii,Agnatha,爬行动物物种，其中一些可能是活跃的。这些数据将有助于增加对hAT超家族的进化及其对真核基因组进化的影响的理解。
