PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Very preterm infants who survive are at high risk of white matter injury (WMI). With a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of WMI, the gut microbiota has recently drawn increasing attention in this field. This review tries to clarify the possible mechanisms behind the communication of the gut bacteria and the immature brain via the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota releases signals, such as microbial metabolites. These metabolites regulate inflammatory and immune responses characterized by microglial activation, which ultimately impact the differentiation of pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs) and lead to WMI. Moreover, probiotics and prebiotics emerge as a promising therapy to improve the neurodevelopmental outcome. However, future studies are required to clarify the function of these above products and the optimal time for their administration within a larger population. Based on the existing evidence, it is still too early to recommend probiotics and prebiotics as effective treatments for WMI.
摘要：
存活的早产儿有很高的白质损伤（WMI）风险。随着对WMI发病机制的深入了解,肠道微生物群最近在这一领域引起了越来越多的关注。这篇综述试图阐明肠道细菌和未成熟大脑通过肠-脑轴通信背后的可能机制。肠道微生物群释放信号，如微生物代谢产物。这些代谢物调节以小胶质细胞活化为特征的炎症和免疫应答,这最终影响前髓鞘少突胶质细胞（pre-OL）的分化并导致WMI。此外，益生菌和益生元成为改善神经发育结局的一种有前途的疗法。然而,未来的研究需要明确上述产品的功能以及在更大人群中的最佳给药时间.根据现有证据,现在推荐益生菌和益生元作为WMI的有效治疗方法还为时过早.
