PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Recently, the emergence of the three-dimensional (3D) exoscope has proven to be a viable alternative to the operative microscope (OM) as a novel workhorse of microneurosurgical procedures. Through its current iteration, the 3D exoscope has been demonstrated to be at least equivalent to the operative microscope in terms of surgical outcomes in many settings. With its superior ergonomics and simplicity of use, the 3D exoscope has been shown in multiple studies to be a powerful visualizing tool during surgical procedures. Moreover, the exoscopic systems, through their current iterations and by means of a high-resolution 3D monitor and 3D glasses, have allowed all participants present in the operative room to attain an unprecedented level of intraoperative visualization of anatomical structures and surgical maneuvers which are traditionally available only to the first operator. Although long-term data are still lacking regarding its future as a replacement of the OM, the 3D exoscope has revealed itself as an intense subject of discussion in neurosurgery regarding its implication for surgical education, especially for residents and junior neurosurgeons. This article is a review of the current state of the literature on the role of the exoscope in surgical education, underlining its strength as a learning tool and its potential future implications in terms of surgical education.
摘要：
最近,三维（3D）外镜的出现已被证明是手术显微镜（OM）的可行替代方案，是显微神经外科手术的新型主力。通过其当前的迭代，在许多情况下，3D外镜已被证明在手术结果方面至少等同于手术显微镜。凭借其卓越的人体工程学和简单的使用，3D外镜已在多项研究中被证明是外科手术期间的强大可视化工具。此外，透视系统，通过他们当前的迭代和高分辨率3D监视器和3D眼镜，允许手术室中的所有参与者达到前所未有的解剖结构和手术操作的术中可视化水平，而传统上只有第一位操作员才能使用。尽管仍然缺乏关于其替代OM的未来的长期数据，3D出镜已经揭示了自己是神经外科中关于其对外科教育的影响的激烈讨论主题，尤其是住院医师和初级神经外科医生.本文是对手术镜在外科教育中的作用的文献现状的回顾，强调其作为学习工具的优势及其在外科教育方面的潜在未来影响。
