PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Attention Restoration Theory proposes that exposure to natural environments helps to restore attention. For sustained attention-the ongoing application of focus to a task, the effect appears to be modest, and the underlying mechanisms of attention restoration remain unclear. Exposure to nature may improve attention performance through many means: modulation of alertness and one\'s connection to nature were investigated here, in two separate studies. In both studies, participants performed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) before and immediately after viewing a meadow, ocean, or urban image for 40 s, and then completed the Perceived Restorativeness Scale. In Study 1 (n = 68), an eye-tracker recorded the participants\' tonic pupil diameter during the SARTs, providing a measure of alertness. In Study 2 (n = 186), the effects of connectedness to nature on SART performance and perceived restoration were studied. In both studies, the image viewed was not associated with participants\' sustained attention performance; both nature images were perceived as equally restorative, and more restorative than the urban image. The image viewed was not associated with changes in alertness. Connectedness to nature was not associated with sustained attention performance, but it did moderate the relation between viewing the natural images and perceived restorativeness; participants reporting a higher connection to nature also reported feeling more restored after viewing the nature, but not the urban, images. Dissociation was found between the physiological and behavioral measures and the perceived restorativeness of the images. The results suggest that restoration associated with nature exposure is not associated with modulation of alertness but is associated with connectedness with nature.
摘要：
注意力恢复理论提出，暴露于自然环境有助于恢复注意力。为了持续关注-将重点持续应用于任务，效果似乎是适度的，注意力恢复的潜在机制仍不清楚。暴露于自然可以通过许多手段提高注意力表现：这里研究了警觉性的调节和与自然的联系，在两个独立的研究中。在两项研究中，参与者在观看草地之前和之后立即执行了持续关注响应任务(SART)，海洋,或40年代的城市形象，然后完成了感知恢复量表。在研究1中（n=68），眼球追踪器记录了参与者在SARTs期间的强直性瞳孔直径，提供警觉性的度量。在研究2中（n=186），研究了与自然的连通性对SART性能和感知恢复的影响。在两项研究中，观察到的图像与参与者的持续注意力表现无关；两种自然图像都被认为是同样的恢复性的，比城市形象更具恢复性。观察到的图像与警觉性的变化无关。与自然的联系与持续的注意力表现无关，但它确实缓和了观看自然图像和感知到的恢复性之间的关系;参与者报告与自然有更高的联系，也报告了在观看自然后感觉更多的恢复，但不是城市，images.在生理和行为措施与图像的恢复性之间发现了分离。结果表明，与自然暴露相关的恢复与警觉性的调节无关，而与与自然的联系有关。
