Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to anatomically locate the urethral orifice in female minipigs and describe the use of video laryngoscopes in urethral catheterization.
METHODS: Urethral catheterization guided by a video laryngoscope was attempted in 16 adult female Bama minipigs. The anatomical location of urethral orifices, operating time and complications (mucosal edema and bleeding in the vaginal vestibule, and the numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) in mid-stream urine samples) were recorded.
RESULTS: The anatomical location of the urethral orifice: the depth of the urethral orifice in female Bama minipigs was 4.2 ± 1.2 cm; all the urethral orifices were covered by mucosal folds of the vaginal vestibule. In the supine position, the orifice of the urethra at 9-12 and 1-3 o\'clock accounted for 6.25%, 6.25%, 18.75%, 50%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 6.25%, respectively. All animals were successfully catheterized and the operating time was 9.0 (6.0-12.8) min. Complications: no bleeding in the vaginal vestibule was observed; the incidence of mucosal edema was 12.5%, all of which were mild; of urine samples collected 1 h after catheterization, 12.5% were found to contain RBCs and no RBCs were detected 6 h after catheterization; no WBCs were detected 1 h or 6 h after catheterization.
CONCLUSIONS: The urethral orifice of female minipigs was located deep in the vagina at variable clock directions and was unexceptionally covered by mucosal folds. Applying a video laryngoscope in urethral catheterization allowed quick and accurate exposure of the urethral orifice and minimal operational injury in female minipigs.
METHODS: Urethral catheterization guided by a video laryngoscope was attempted in 16 adult female Bama minipigs. The anatomical location of urethral orifices, operating time and complications (mucosal edema and bleeding in the vaginal vestibule, and the numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) in mid-stream urine samples) were recorded.
RESULTS: The anatomical location of the urethral orifice: the depth of the urethral orifice in female Bama minipigs was 4.2 ± 1.2 cm; all the urethral orifices were covered by mucosal folds of the vaginal vestibule. In the supine position, the orifice of the urethra at 9-12 and 1-3 o\'clock accounted for 6.25%, 6.25%, 18.75%, 50%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 6.25%, respectively. All animals were successfully catheterized and the operating time was 9.0 (6.0-12.8) min. Complications: no bleeding in the vaginal vestibule was observed; the incidence of mucosal edema was 12.5%, all of which were mild; of urine samples collected 1 h after catheterization, 12.5% were found to contain RBCs and no RBCs were detected 6 h after catheterization; no WBCs were detected 1 h or 6 h after catheterization.
CONCLUSIONS: The urethral orifice of female minipigs was located deep in the vagina at variable clock directions and was unexceptionally covered by mucosal folds. Applying a video laryngoscope in urethral catheterization allowed quick and accurate exposure of the urethral orifice and minimal operational injury in female minipigs.
摘要：
目的：这项工作的目的是解剖定位雌性小型猪的尿道口，并描述视频喉镜在导尿中的应用。
方法：在16只成年雌性巴马小型猪中尝试在视频喉镜引导下进行尿道插管。尿道口的解剖位置，手术时间和并发症（阴道前庭粘膜水肿和出血，并记录中段尿样中红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）的数量）。
结果：尿道口解剖位置：雌性巴马小型猪尿道口深度为4.2±1.2cm；所有尿道口均被阴道前庭粘膜皱褶覆盖。仰卧位,9-12和1-3点的尿道口占6.25%，6.25%,18.75%,50%,12.5%,6.25%和6.25%，分别。所有动物均成功插入导管，手术时间为9.0（6.0-12.8）分钟。并发症：未观察到阴道前庭出血；粘膜水肿的发生率为12.5％，所有这些都是轻度的；在插管后1小时收集的尿液样本中，发现12.5％含有红细胞，导管插入后6小时未检测到红细胞；导管插入后1小时或6小时未检测到白细胞。
结论：雌性小型猪的尿道口以可变时钟方向位于阴道深处，并被粘膜褶皱覆盖。在尿道导管插入术中使用视频喉镜可以快速准确地暴露尿道口，并使雌性小型猪的操作损伤最小。
方法：在16只成年雌性巴马小型猪中尝试在视频喉镜引导下进行尿道插管。尿道口的解剖位置，手术时间和并发症（阴道前庭粘膜水肿和出血，并记录中段尿样中红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）的数量）。
结果：尿道口解剖位置：雌性巴马小型猪尿道口深度为4.2±1.2cm；所有尿道口均被阴道前庭粘膜皱褶覆盖。仰卧位,9-12和1-3点的尿道口占6.25%，6.25%,18.75%,50%,12.5%,6.25%和6.25%，分别。所有动物均成功插入导管，手术时间为9.0（6.0-12.8）分钟。并发症：未观察到阴道前庭出血；粘膜水肿的发生率为12.5％，所有这些都是轻度的；在插管后1小时收集的尿液样本中，发现12.5％含有红细胞，导管插入后6小时未检测到红细胞；导管插入后1小时或6小时未检测到白细胞。
结论：雌性小型猪的尿道口以可变时钟方向位于阴道深处，并被粘膜褶皱覆盖。在尿道导管插入术中使用视频喉镜可以快速准确地暴露尿道口，并使雌性小型猪的操作损伤最小。
